高考英语二轮专题复习课件：阅读细节细节理解题（34张PPT）
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(共34张PPT)
四选一阅读 之
细节理解题
复习目标
1.明确阅读理解细节理解题的命题特点、考查范围和能力要求；
2.明确阅读理解细节理解题解题所需的知识和方法技巧;
3.通过训练，能熟练掌握阅读理解细节理解题的解题技巧，提高阅读理解能力.
复习重难点
熟练掌握并运用阅读理解细节理解题的解题技巧，提高阅读理解能力.
录
考
纲
摘
考试要求：阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。
该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：
(1) 理解主旨要义。
(2) 理解文中具体信息。
(3) 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义。
(4) 根据所读内容作出判断和推理。
(5) 理解文章的基本结构。
(6) 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
考纲解读：
理解文中具体信息：文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节信息对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。具体信息有时可以直接从文章中获取，有时则需要进行归纳、概括和推断后才能得到。
Details determines the success or failure.
真题呈现
In the coming months, we are bringing together artists form all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language, in our globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for.please come and join us.
National Theatre Of China Beijing|Chinese
This great occasion(盛会) will be the national theatre of china’s first visit to the UK. The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production ofShakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director,Wang Xiaoying.
Date&Time:Saturday 28 April,2.30pm&Sunday 29 April,1.30pm&6.30pm
Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi l Georgian
One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928,appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed（指导）by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.
Date & Time :Friday 18May,2.30pm&Sunday 19May,7.30pm
Deafinitely Theater London l British Sign Language （BSL）
By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.
Date&Time:Tuesday 22 May,2.30pm&Wednesday 23 May,7.30pm
Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv l Hebrew
The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-languege theatre worldwide,Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution,the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s,Since 1958,they have been recognized as the national theatre of Israel.This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.
Date Date&Time:Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm
21. Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China? (细节理解题)
A.Richard Ⅲ. B.Lover’s Labour’s Lost
C.As You Like It D.The merchant of Venice
22.What is special about Deafinit-ely Theatre? (细节理解题)
A.It has two groups of actors B.It is the leading theatre in London
C.It performs plays in BSL D.It is good at prducing comedies
23.When can you see a play in Hebrew? (细节理解题)
A.On Saturday 28Apil. B.On Sunday 29 April
C.On Tuesday 22 May. D. On Tuesday 29 May
细节理解题特点及命题特点
细节理解题是针对文中某个细节，或某部分具体内容设置问题。答案信息点可能只涉及一个句子，也可能是数句，还可能涉及整段话甚至跨段落理解。通过研究近几年高考真题可知，细节理解题包括：
1. 直接信息题
2. 信息推断题
3. 数字计算题
4. 排列顺序题
细节理解题常见的命题方式有以下几种：
1．Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the
passage?
2．Which of the following(sentences/statements)is NOT true
according to the passage?
3．According to the passage，all of the following are true
except/but________．
4．The author mentions all of the following except________．
5．In the passage, the author states that ________．
6．According to the passage，when(where，why，how，
who，etc.)．..
7．Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
8．Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right
position of...?
9．Which of the drawings below gives an idea of...?
细节理解题的解题方法:
细节理解题是针对文中某个细节，某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，但往往不是简单的对号入座直接答题，而是转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，即原文改写往往成为正确选项。细节理解题解题常用的方法：
1. 确定关键词---在题干中选定关键词（一般用1个或2个），通常比较具有排他性的专有名词，数字缩略词。
2. 确定信息句---用选定的关键词，采用跳读查找法去文中寻找依据（原词，近义词/反义词），确定信息句。
3. 比较选项---仔细阅读找到的信息句及上下句，对照比较选项，选出正确答案。
可概括为“一定二找三比较”。
分类解析
类型一：直接信息题 Example 1 :【2017·全国新课标Ⅱ，A】
Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv l Hebrew
The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-languege theatre worldwide,Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution,the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s,Since 1958,they have been recognized as the national theatre of Israel.This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.
Date Date&Time: Monday 28 May, 7.30 & Tuesday 29 May,7.30 pm
When can you see a play in Hebrew?
A.On Saturday 28Apil. B.On Sunday 29 April
C.On Tuesday 22 May. D. On Tuesday 29 May
方法点拨：根据题干中的关键词定位，可在原文中直接找到答案。通知、广告之类的应用文或指导性说明文，多半是这类题。
______
____
__________________________
D
配套练习一：
（2016全国Ⅱ.24）
Electric Underground
7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre
Gee Whizz
8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope
Simon’s Workshop
5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage
Charlotte Stone
8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza World
24. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?
A. 5.00pm-7.30pm. B. 7.30pm－1.00am.
C. 8.00pm-11.00pm. D. 8.30pm-10.30pm.
___________
____
C
配套练习二：
【2017·全国新课标I，B】
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.
26.What made the chick calm down?
A. A new nest. B.Some food.
C. A recording. D.Its parents.
_______________
____
A
类型二：信息推断题 Example 1:【2017·全国新课标Ⅲ ，B】
The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on?
A. It was an all-time classic.
B. It was about the history of the town.
C. The audience requested it.
D. The theater owner found it suitable.
方法点拨：在文中不能直接找到现有的答案，正确答案与文中信息虽意思相同但表达方式不同，常以同义词或近义词的方式表达。
_______________
____
D
____________
________
____
Example 2:【2016·全国新课标Ⅲ ，B】
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.
“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”
25. What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?
A. Two strangers joined her.
B. Her childhood friends came in.
C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.
D. Some people held a party there.
__________________________
_____________________
A
____________
____________
_________
___________________________________________
________
方法点拨：综合文中出现的两个或多个信息点才可
选出正确选项。
为同一个人
Example 3:【2016·全国新课标Ⅲ ，B】
“I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats,Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
27. What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?
A. They live in big cities.
B. They are mostly women.
C. They come from real life.
D. They are pleasure seekers.
______________________
______________
C
____________
(______________________________
____
方法点拨：根据多个 信息点进行概括从而
得出正确选项。
___________________________________________
___________________________________________)
Example 4:【2017·全国新课标Ⅱ，C】
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film— it wanted somebody as well known as Paul— he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first?
A.Paul Newman wanted it.
B.The studio powers didn’t like his agent.
C.He wasn’t famous enough.
D.The director recommended someone else.
方法点拨：要在理解文中具体信息的基础上，要进行简单推理才可选出正确答案。
__________________________________
____
C
___________________________
______________________________
__________
配套练习中错误率较高的题的分析
配套练习一：【2017·全国新课标Ⅱ，C】
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.
29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?
A. It causes traffic jams. B. It is difficult to operate.
C. It is very expensive. D. It bums too much fuel.
方法点拨：要在理解文中具体信息的基础上，要进行简单推理才可选出正确答案。
__________________________________
___
C
___________________________
_________
__________________________
____________
配套练习四：【2017·全国新课标Ⅲ ，D】
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
34.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A.improve their driving skills. B. develop driver-assist technologies. C.provide tips on repairing their cars. D.organize regular physical checkups.
方法点拨：一定。再根据多个信息点进行概括从而得出正确选项。
____________________
B
_________
(
) ?
____
_______________________
______________________________
配套练习五：【2016·全国新课标Ⅲ ，C】
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
29.What can we learn about Decio?
It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look.
C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste.
方法点拨：一定。要在理解文中具体信息的基础上,要进行
简单推理才可选出正确答案。
_____
C
(
) ?
___________
______________
___________
正如多疙瘩的
Cat’s Head一样
_________
3.25周考阅读错误率较高的题(一)：
Mary Jane Cera is the academic administrator for the Kino School, a private, non－profit kindergarten－through－12th－grade school in Tucson, Arizona, and she maintains a no－homework policy across all grades. The purpose of the policy is to make sure learning remains a joy, not a thing that discourages social time and creative activity.
29. According to the text, Mary Jane Cera________．
A. believes in the connection between homework and academic achievement
B. argues some homework should be assigned to students
C. finds her students can't finish their homework on time
D. thinks that learning should help develop students' creativity
方法点拨：一定。要在理解文中具体信息的基础上,要进行
简单推理才可选出正确答案, 正意反说。
___________
D
_____________
________________________
_________________________________
_________
___________________
___________________
_______________________
3.25周考阅读错误率较高的题(二)：
“The long－term memory is not stored at the synapse，” said David Glanzman, the study's co－author and professor of integrative biology and physiology and of neurobiology at UCLA. “That is a radical idea, but that is where the evidence leads. The nervous system appears to be able to regenerate(使再生) lost synaptic(与突触有关的)connections. If you can restore the synaptic connections, the memory will come back. It won't be easy, but I believe it is possible.”
33. According to the passage, what causes memory loss in people?
A. Synapses. B. A broken nervous system.
C. Lost synaptic connections. D. Protein synthesis.
方法点拨：一定。要在理解文中具体信息的基础上,要进行
简单推理才可选出正确答案。
C
_______________
___________________________________
____________________________________
_______________________
Summary:
细节理解题解题常用的方法：
1. 确定关键词---在题干中选定关键词（一般用1个或2个），通常比较具有排他性的专有名词，数字缩略词。
2. 确定信息句---用选定的关键词，采用跳读查找法去文中寻找依据（原词，近义词/反义词），确定信息句。
3. 比较选项---仔细阅读找到的信息句及上下句，对照比较选项，选出正确答案。
可概括为“一定二找三比较”。
类型三、数字计算题：
Example : 2013四川卷 A篇
... ...
Date : 2 February ,2013
Time: 10 am--5 pm
Place : Kwun Tong Playground
Fee : $20 (buy three get one free)
... ...
33. How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together?
A. $20. B. $40. C. $60. D. $80.
方法点拨：弄清询问数据与原文数据的关系，进行简单计算得出答案。
_______
_______
C
__________________
类型四、排列顺序题：
Example : 2011山东卷 D篇
.... The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮)and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair . The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain...
Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?
A. scalp → computer → cap → wheelchair
B. computer → cap → scalp → wheelchair
C. scalp → cap → computer → wheelchair
D. cap → computer → scalp → wheelchair
________
_______________
C
_________________________
方法点拨：排序题是一种将多项事实进行排序的细
节理解题，一般而言，阅读理解里排序题多用于记
叙文或说明文中，要求学生根据事件或动作发生的
先后顺序，以及句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件或
事物发展变化的正确顺序。可以采取逻辑定位法，
空间排序法，时间排序法，首尾定位法。
Step 5 掌握细节理解题选项中干扰项的特征；
①将原文内容扩大或缩小；
②无中生有；
③文不对题;
④偷梁换柱:与原文内容一半相同一半不同，即选项仍用文章中的句法结构和大部分词汇,但换了几个关键词造成意思上的改变;
⑤与原句内容相似但过于绝对化。
巩固练习
A篇：ADAB
B篇：BABDC
C篇：DBDB
D篇：ADBD
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