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高考单词R（原卷版）
目录
高考单词R 1
高考核心词汇与练习---R 43
rush [r ] n. 冲进；匆促；
【真句】Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.【2022全国甲卷】悉尼的官方历史学家雪莉·菲茨杰拉德告诉我，在上世纪70年代悉尼进军现代化的过程中，扫除了大部分过去，包括许多最好的建筑。
【真句】Weaving（穿梭） among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded（滑） up to the beam.【2021全国甲卷】穿梭在那些用木板爬过来的孩子中间，我找到了找到横梁的路。然后，一个瘦瘦的少年，穿着宽松的白色t恤，滑到横梁上。
【真句】at rush hour【2020浙江】在高峰时间
race [re s] n. 比赛；种族；v. 比赛；快速移动
【真句】And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors（因素） like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. 【2021全国甲卷】我们看得越多，我们就越会看到，像性别、种族和阶级等社会因素并不能决定天才的外表。
【真句】Race walkers are conditioned athletes.【2020全国1】竞走运动员是有条件的运动员。
【真句】Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. 【2020全国1】研究表明，竞走和跑步有许多健身的好处，而最有可能减少受伤。
【真句】In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars.【2015辽宁阅读】在汽车时代早期，几乎每一位汽车制造商都会使自己的车辆参加比赛。
【真句】But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot of cars racing towards me.【2015全国二完形】当我驶入主干道的时候，我突然看到大量汽车朝我驶来。
短语： race to do竞相做某事
race的形容词形式：racial [ re l] 种族的
radiation [re d e n] n. 放射，放射物
radio [re d ] n. 收音机
【真句】I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.【2022新高考2卷】我很少在镜头前花时间，因为我有一张为收音机而生的脸。
【真句】Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes.【2021新高考2卷】这些动物身上的无线电标签将测量温度的变化。
radioactive [re d kt v] adj. 放射性的
radium [ re d m] n. 镭
rag [r ɡ] n.抹布
【真句】I noticed an old man on a bicycle with a bucket on its handle and a basket rags and bottles on its back-carriage.【2012江西完形】我注意到一个老人坐在自行车上，车把上挂着木桶，座位上放着篮子的抹布和瓶子
短语：in rags 衣衫褴褛
rag的形容词形式：ragged [ r g d] adj. 破旧的，衣衫褴褛的
【真句】David was a small boy in ragged clothes.【2014山东完形】大卫是一个穿着破旧的小男孩。
rail [re l] n. 铁路
railway [ re lwe ] n. 铁路
【真句】Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year 【2022年6月全国乙卷】一小群无人机可以确保铁路的安全性和可靠性，同时帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？
rain [re n] n. 雨 vi. 下雨 rain的形容词形式：rainy [ re n ] adj. 下雨的；多雨的
rainbow [ re nb ] n. 虹，彩虹
【真句】These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours.【2020北京】这些雕塑被涂上了鲜艳的彩虹色彩。
raincoat [ re nk t] n. 雨衣
rainfall [ re nf l] n. 一场雨； 降雨量
【真句】A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干旱) have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.【2023.2四省联考】由于平均降雨量的减少和干旱的严重程度的增加，已导致突尼斯约75%的农业用地受到沙漠化的威胁。
raise [re z] vt. 抬起，举起，使升高；增加，提高；筹集；改善；提起，提出；抚养；饲养，种植
【真句】So James began working with prisoners to raise monarchs through the whole process of their transformation. 【2023.2四省联考】所以詹姆斯开始和囚犯们合作，在他们转变的整个过程中培养君主。
【真句】I raised my left arm to protect my face.【2014北京阅读】我抬起左手去保护我的脸。
【真句】A good teacher can help raise his or her students’ scores.【2015福建阅读】一个好老师可以提高学生的分数。
【真句】It helps raise their living standards.【2014山东阅读】这有助于改善他们的生活条件。
【真句】The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with facts and descriptions.【2015湖北阅读】作者用事实和描述来回答在第一段中提出的问题。
【真句】He wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity.【2012上海阅读】他想用这次旅行为慈善机构筹钱。
【真句】In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children. 【2013四川】在一些地方，人们期望男人挣钱、女人在家抚养小孩。
Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them.【2013北京阅读】随着时间的推移，人们开始捕捉这些动物并且饲养它们。
raise one’s eyebrows 扬起眉毛（表示吃惊、怀疑或反对）
【真句】They raise their eyebrows, surprised by my choice to have a salad.【2015四川阅读】他们扬起眉毛，对我选择沙拉感到很惊讶。
raise one’s voice 提高嗓门，大声说话
【真句】He raised his voice at his father.【2014辽宁完形】他冲其父亲大声嚷嚷。
注意rise虽然也有增加之意，但是它是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词
random [ r nd m] adj. 随意的，随机的
【真句】Participants were randomly divided into two groups. 【2022新高考2卷】参与者被随机分为两组。
【真句】The acts of random kindness spread.【2014广东阅读】随意的善举可以传播。
短语：at random 随意地，随机地
range [re nd ] n. 范围，界限；v. 包括；处于某个范围之内
【真句】This site gives you instant access to a wide range of information on studying and living in the UK.【2013广东阅读】这个网站可以让你迅速获取广泛的关于在英国学习和生活的信息。
短语：range from…to…包括；处于某个范围之内
【真句】Topics range from beauty to the risks of drinking.【2015浙江阅读】话题很广，从美丽到喝酒的风险都有。
【真句】Payment ranges from $25 to $400.【2015北京阅读】费用在25美元到400美元之间。
rank [r k] n. 等级 v. 排名
【真句】Class, power and status are important in deciding people’s rank in society.【2013陕西阅读】阶级，权力和地位在决定人们的社会等级方面扮演着重要作用。
【真句】No wonder it ranks as the world’s most body-conscious country.【2013湖北阅读】难怪它是世界上最注重身体的国家。
rapid [ r p d] adj. 快速的，迅速的
【真句】Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and ended up as a manager.【2015天津】
rare [re ] adj. 罕见的，稀有的；
【真句】People like something rare.【2015全国二阅读】人们喜欢稀有的东西。
rare的副词形式：rarely [ re li] adv. 几乎不
【真句】I rarely had more than four hours of sleep.【2015天津阅读】我几乎没有超过4小时的睡眠。
同义词：seldom adv. 几乎不；hardly adv. 几乎不
rat [r t] n. 老鼠
rate [re t] n. 比率，率；速度；费用，价格； v. 评价
【真句】And they tended to lose cognitive（认知） function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs.【2020.7浙江】他们往往会失去认知能力与那些智力挑战性最小的工作相比，他们的工作效率要慢得多。
【真句】The trees appear to have faster growth rates.【2015上海选词填空】这些树似乎有更快的增长速度。
【真句】With forever stamps, there will be no need to worry about rate changes.【2015上海阅读】随着永久性邮票的出现，人们不再需要担心费用的变化问题。
【真句】When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list.【2014北京阅读】当学生和家长被问及根据科目重要性评价科目的时候，艺术毫无疑问垫底。
rather [ rɑ ] adv. 非常，颇；
【真句】It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures.【2020.5天津】它还为跨文化的同理心提供了相当坚实的基础。
短语：rather than而不是
【真句】 LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.【2020江苏】LoveFone是一家提倡修理手机而不是放弃手机的公司，2016年，该公司在伦敦的一个电话亭开设了一个迷你车间。
or rather 更确切地说
【真句】But unfortunately, the parents are wronged because they’re normal in shape, or rather slim.【2013湖北阅读】不幸的是，父母被冤枉了，因为他们的孩子的体形很正常，更确切地说是很苗条。
not…but rather… 不是……而是……（此时相当于not … but …）
【真句】 When it comes to heart health, there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health.【2021年6月北京卷】当谈到心脏健康时，有人猜测不是音乐的风格，而是节奏对你的心脏健康有好处。
would do rather than do = would rather do than do宁愿做……而不做
【真句】He would rather watch TV than go to bed.【2015上海】他宁愿看电视也不愿意上床睡觉。
would rather do宁愿，宁可
【真句】It’s something that you would rather not have anyone else know about.【2015江西阅读】这是一件你宁可不让其他人知道的东西
would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事
【真句】We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us.【2014陕西】我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们呆在家里
raw [r ] adj. 生的，未煮熟的
【真句】I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.【】我看到了我们的蜥蜴，生的，几乎是新的。
短语：raw material 原材料
【真句】The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of wehich we saved for other purposes. 【2015安徽】工厂只用了65%的原材料，剩余的留作它用。
ray [re ] n. 光线
razor [ re z ] n. 剃须刀
reach [ri t ] v. 到达；达到；伸出（手、臂来触碰或提起某物）；联系
【真句】We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark.【2019.6天津】我们都知道有人在人生的中途就精疲力竭了。
【真句】Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, an average of 40,000 per year.【2015江西】去年毕业时便获得驾照的学生数量达到20万，平均每年4万。
【真句】Then she reached inside her blouse, took out her remaining 50 money, and handed it to the conductor.【2013重庆完形】然后她把手伸进裤子里面拿出仅剩的50元递给了售票员。
【真句】Having failed to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.【2013重庆】由于电话联系不上他们，我们给他们发了邮件。
reach out to 愿意倾听
【真句】I also learned that one---without any words---can reach out to another person.【2013广东】
我也了解到人们能够静静地倾听别人。
reach a decision/agreement/conclusion 做出决定/达成协议/得出结论
beyond one’s reach= out of one’s reach= beyond the reach of sb 够不着；超出某人的能力范围
【真句】The pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman, beyond the reach of all teammates.【2015江苏阅读】掷球手把球仍在第一个守垒员头上，所有的队员都够不着
【真句】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s reach.【2015四川】一定要记得把诸如刀子之类的危险东西放在孩子够不着的地方。
within one’s reach = within the reach of 够得着；在某人的能力范围内；靠得近
【真句】The Moon Lake is within easy reach of the city.【2013上海】月亮河离这个城市不远。
react [ri kt] v. （作出）反应
【真句】As a new diplomat, he often thinks of how he can react more appropriately on such occasions.【2014上海】作为一个新的外交官，他经常思考在这样的场合下做出适当的反应。
用法：react to … 对……做出反应
【真句】The discussion is mainly about how to react to bad behavior.【2015重庆阅读】这个讨论主要是关于如何对不好的行为做出反应。
同义词：respond
react 的名词形式：reaction n. 反应
read [ri d] v. 读，阅读；读到；读起来；写着（say）
【真句】Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adults.【2020.1浙江】尤多拉九岁，我允许她从书架上读任何她想要的书，无论是儿童还是成人。
【真句】You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you'd taken it out; it made no difference to her that you'd read every word in it and needed another to start. 【2020.1浙江】你不能在借书的当天就把书还给图书馆；对她来说，你读完了书中的每一个字，还需要另一个词才能开始读，这并没有什么区别。
【真句】I think in general the report reads well.【高考真句】我认为这个报告总体上读起来不错。
【真句】A sign on the outer door reads “No Entry”.【高考真句】门外写着“禁止进入”
read one’s mind/thoughts 猜测某人的心思
【真句】Some equipment is able to read human minds.【2015陕西阅读】某个设备能够猜测人们的心思
read 的名词形式： reading n. 阅读
read的两个名词形式：reading n. 阅读，朗读；reader 读者
ready [ red ] adj. 准备好的；愿意（做某事）的，乐意的；（仅用于名词前）现成的，迅速的
【真句】I needn’t worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready.【2015上海】我不必担心我的周末，我总是准备好我的计划。
【真句】We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.【2022年6月北京卷】我们可能没有任何疾病，但仍然有一个虚弱的身体，它随时可能成为病毒的目标。
【真句】Too many ready answers make us less excited in finding truth.【2014江苏作文】太多现成的答案让我们发现真相时不再那么兴奋。
短语：be ready to do/for （某人）准备好（做某事）的；
【真句】There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.【2014北京阅读】在我们做好长期呆在月球上之前有许多问题有待被解决。
real 与true的区别
[辨析] 这两个形容词都可以表示“真的”这一意思，real指客观上存在，并非想象和虚构的，它是与"无"相对而言。例如:
【真句】When children write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. 【2022年6月浙江卷】当孩子们为真正的观众和真正的目的写作时，他们可以学会相应地选择自己的单词。
true是指"真正的"，"真实的"，强调事实和实际情况相符，它是与"假"相对而言。例如:
【真句】But our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true.【2016上海阅读】但是我们在Holborn的实验证明这是真的。
【真句】While making the kits, I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it.【2022年6月浙江卷】在制作工具包时，我意识到我已经看不到它背后的真正含义了。
true 还可以表示“正确的”，real没有这种用法。例如：
【真句】Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage 【2015浙江阅读】 下面哪一个关于小女孩的陈述是对的？
real的副词形式：really
real的名词形式：reality
really [ ri: li] adv. 真地
【真句】It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.【2015北京】真地很感谢你让我搭便车回家。
【真句】After doing some research, I believed that we could really do something for those kids. 【2021年6月北京卷】在做了一些研究之后，我相信我们真的可以为这些孩子做点什么。
reality [r l t ] n. 现实，事实
【真句】 With companies like Harbour Air taking the lead, battery-powered planes, especially on short-haul journeys, are set to become a reality in the next few years.【2020.5天津】在海港航空Harbour Air等公司的带头作用下，电池供电的飞机，尤其是短途旅行，将在未来几年内成为现实。
reality形容词形式：realistic [ ri: l st k] adj. 现实的
【真句】The more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.【2015四川阅读】故事约容易被理解就越不现实。
realize [ r la z] v. 意识到；实现
【真句】Coming out of this experience, I realize it is ok to be different from others and to study things like classics, art history and other majors offered in the College of Humanities（人文学科）!【2019.3天津】从这次经历中，我意识到与别人不同，学习古典文学、艺术史和人文学院提供的其他专业是可以的。
【真句】It took her a moment to realize that I was giving her the flowers I had just purchased.【2014浙江阅读】过了会她才意识到我给了她我刚买的花。
realize one’s dream= make one’s dream a reality
【真句】I decided to realize my dream.【2015北京阅读】我决定实现我的梦想。
realize的名词形式：realization n. 意识；实现
reason [ ri zn] n. 原因，理由；理智；道理；v. 推理，推断
【真句】We have every reason to believe that the 2013 Beijing Olympic Games will be a success.【2015江苏】我们有充分的理由相信2013北京奥运会将会取得成功。
【真句】One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.【2015上海】他偏爱城市生活的原因之一就是他可以很容易出入像商店和餐馆等地方
【真句】You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.【2013湖南 】在你做出任何决定之前你必须听从你的感觉和理智。
【真句】There’s no reason to be disappointed. As a matter of fact, this could be rather amusing.【2014浙江 】没有道理失望，事实上，这是非常有趣的、
【真句】“Don’t be silly, Ben. If she were a witch, she would have turned us into frogs already,” reasoned Meg. 【2014江西阅读】“别傻了，Ben! 如果她是女巫的话她已经把我们变成青蛙了！” Ben推断到。
reason的形容词形式：reasonable
reasonable [ ri z n bl] adj. 合理的；理智的；
【真句】Rents were comparatively reasonable.【2015山东阅读】相比较而言租金还是合理的。
【真句】Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts.【2015安徽任务型读写】受过教育的人士理智的并且他们注重事实。
rebuild [ri b ld] vt. 重建
receipt [r si t] n. 收据
receive [r si v] v. 收到，得到
【真句】Christopher received a new basketball.【2016北京阅读】Christopher收到了一个新篮球。
receive与accept的区别
receive 客观收到； accept 主观接受
【真句】He did not compromise easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause. 【2016江苏】他不轻易妥协，但是也愿意接受任何有建设性的建议。
receiver [r si v ] n. 电话听筒
recent [ ri s nt] adj. 最近的
【真句】In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. 【】在最近的一次实验中，凤头鹦鹉被放在一个盒子里，盒子里有一个坚果。
【真句】A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters.【2014山东阅读】一个最近的研究表明几乎三分之二的父母认为学校应该多做点儿事情去教学生一些关于金融的东西。
reception [r sep n] n. 欢迎，接待；接待处
【真句】The festival will end with an open reception.【2013山东阅读】节日最后将会有一个开放的接待。
reception 的另一名词形式：receptionist [r sep n st] n. 接待员
【真句】If you come by right now, “the receptionist said, “The dentist will fit you in.”【2013重庆阅读】
接待员说:“如果你立刻过来医生会安排见你的。”
recipe [ res p ] n. 食谱；方法，秘诀
When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes.【2015天津阅读】当我第一次学做饭的时候，我用食谱做出了一些美味的菜肴。
用法：recipe for sth 某事的方法（秘诀）
Can you tell us your recipe for happiness and a long life 【2016江苏】你能告诉我你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗？
recite [r sa t] v. 背诵；列举
Ask the other person to recite and repeat.【2014安徽阅读】让另外一个人去背诵并重复
Recite the answers to possible questions.【2015湖北】列出潜在问题的答案
recognize [ rek ɡna z] v. 认出，辨认出；认可；承认；
Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who evening dress.【2015全国二】Barbara很容易被认出，因为她是唯一一位穿晚装的人
Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.【2015辽宁】Alexander努力使他的作品在医学界得到认可
Arthur Miller is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.【2015山东阅读】人们普遍承认Arthur Miller是20世纪最伟大的戏剧家之一。
recognize的名词形式：recognition n. 承认；认可
recognize的形容词形式：recognizable adj. 可是别的，易辨认的
recommend [rek mend] v. 推荐；建议
Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam (should) be at the age of six months old.【2013浙江】眼科医生建议孩子的第一次眼睛检查应该放在孩子六个月大的时候。
I would recommend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and 【2013浙江完形】我会推荐一个交换生项目给任何想体验外国文化的人。
recommend的名词形式：recommendation n. 推荐
record [ rek d] n. 记录；唱片 v. 记录；录制
Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see.【2013陕西阅读】摄影师记者真实记录了他们所看到的
The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported to have broken the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.【2015辽宁】据报道刘翔已经打破了110米栏记录，人们一看到他就欢呼了起来。
Do you mind if I record your lecture 【2013江苏】您介意我给你的讲座录音吗？
For one month we recorded our personal emissions of CO2.【2014福建阅读】我们记录了一个月来个人的二氧化碳排放。
recorder [r k d ] n. 录音机
recover [r k v ] v. 恢复；重新获得，寻回
A Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm.【2006重庆阅读】
于1628年沉没的一艘瑞典战舰在Stockholm港口被重新找到。
用法：recover from … 从……中恢复
Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water.【2015广东阅读】大多数人休息几天或喝点水之后就可以从食物中毒当中恢复。
recover 的名词形式： recovery n. 恢复，康复
recreation [rekr e n] n. 消遣，娱乐
TV takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. 【2015广东阅读】电视代替了诸如听音乐和做运动之类的娱乐。
同义词： pastime n. 消遣，娱乐；entertainment n. 娱乐；leisure n. 消遣，休闲
recreation 的名词形式：
recreational adj. 消遣的，娱乐的
recycle [ri sa kl] v. 回收利用，再利用；重新使用（观念、文章等）
They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment.【2014重庆阅读】
As a musician, I am not interested in hearing recycled versions of the same genre over and over. 【2015上海阅读】作为音乐家，我讨厌听到同一体裁的版本被不断使用。
rectangle [ rekt ɡl] n. 长方形 adj. 长方形的
red [red] n. 红色 adj. 红色的
redirect [ri da rekt] v. 改变方向，改变用途
Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us.【2013江西阅读】当我们倾听的时候我们脑子中有一个准备好的清单，想知道怎样获得想要的结果去使谈话尽可能快的结束或者使谈话朝令我们满意的方向进行。
reduce [r dju s] v. 减少，缩小
Gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries.【2016上海阅读】发达国家大燃气排放已经有效减少了。
reduce的名词形式：reduction n. 减少，缩小
同义词：decrease下降，减少； decline下降，减少；drop下降，减少；fall下降，减少；shrink v. 缩小，减少
refer [r f ]
用法：refer to 提到，谈到；参考，查阅；涉及，关于
What he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.【2015上海】一般读者并不知道他在文章中所提到的东西
I am referring to newspaper and magazine ads (attached to this letter) published the week of November 15.【2014江西阅读】我正在查阅11.15这一周的报纸和杂志上的广告。
The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s stories.【2016全国三阅读】第六段中的下划线“them”与Welty的故事有关。
短语：refer to A as B 把A当作B
This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.【2014四川阅读】
这种典型的睡眠模式通常被当作“夜猫子”
refer… to … 把……交给/介绍给……
His head teacher had referred him to me.【2013广东阅读】他的班主任把他交给了我
refer的名词形式: reference [ refr ns] 参考；查阅
I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.【2015江苏】我还没有参考书，但是我下个月就要参加这一科目的考试。
referee [ref ri ] n. 裁判，调解员
reflect [r flekt] v. 反映；反射
Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world.【2014安徽阅读】如果没有森林覆盖，这些地区将会反射更多的光进入大气，从而使世界其他地区更热。
In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture.【2015安徽阅读】在每一个国家，城市都可以反映文化的价值观。
reflect on 思考
All the young people in our group began to reflect on what it had meant.【2014浙江完形】我们这一组的年青人开始思考它的意义。
reflect的名词形式：reflection n. 反思；反映
reform [r f m] v. n. 改革，改进；
Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform.【2015浙江】一些学校不得不做出调整以适应全国的足球改革。
refresh [r fre ] v.使恢复精力，提神
Some students often listen to music during classes to refresh themselves.【2015四川】
许多学生在课堂上听音乐提神。
Christie looked refreshed and happy.【2015全国一阅读】Christie看上去精力充沛、非常开心。
refresh的形容词形式：refreshing [r fre ] adj. 消除疲劳的，提神的
refresh的名词形式：refreshment [r fre m nt] n. 茶点
refrigerator [r fr d re t ] n. 冰箱
refuse [r fju z] v. 拒绝
用法：refuse to do 拒绝做某事
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.【2015全国二】我拒绝接受别人的过错所带来的责任。
同义词：decline to do拒绝做; reject doing 拒绝做; turn down
refuse的名词形式：refusal [r fju zl] n. 拒绝
regard [r ɡɑ d] v. n. 尊敬；关心；问候（此时一定要用复数）
Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females.【2015上海阅读】Myrtle婶婶鼓励我发展各方面的潜能，并不关心被认为对于黑人女性是不可能或不切实际的东西。
It is a very high regard usually reserved for Presidents of the United States. ([阅读]全国重庆 这是一个通常只为美国总统保留的一个非常高的荣誉。
Best regards 最好的问候【2012山东写作】
用法：regard… as…把……看作……
What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.【2015北京】
一些人当作缺点的东西在其他许多人看来却是优点。
with/in regard to 关于
With regard to the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.【2013江苏】关于7.1的晚会我会很高兴参加的
含有“把……看作……”之意的短语：
view… as…；see… as…；take … as…；think of … as…；refer to… as…；consider … as…；assume… as…
regarding [r gɑ:d ] prep. 关于（此时等于concerning）
According to a recent research, the most common argument between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.【2014广东完形】根据一个最近的研究，父母和青少年之间最常见的争吵时关于不整洁以及日常事务。
regardless [r ɡɑ dl s]
短语：regardless of 不管，不顾
This special school accepts all disabled students, regardless of educational level and background. 【2014 江苏】这所特殊学校接受所有的残疾学生，不分教育水平或背景
register [ red st ] v. 登记，注册n. 登记册，注册簿
Three quarters of lorries that failed safety tests were registered overseas.【2014福建阅读】
四分之三安全测试不合格的大货车都是在海外注册的
register作动词时的名词形式：registration [ red stre n] 登记，注册
regret [r ɡret] v. 后悔；遗憾n. 后悔；遗憾
用法：regret doing sth后悔做某事
He regretted helping the old man.【2013山东阅读】他后悔帮助那个老人。
regret to do 最接下来要做的事情表示遗憾
I regret to say the job has been filled.【高考真句】我要很遗憾的告诉你那个工作已经有人做了.
regret的形容词形式：regretful [r gretfl] adj. 后悔的，遗憾的
Why did Mary feel regretful 【2015湖南阅读】为什么玛丽感到后悔？
regular [ reɡj l ] adj. 定期的；有规律的；规则的；经常的；普通的
After years of regular treatment, she finally became healthy.【2016天津完形】在多年的定期治疗之后，她最终康复了。
Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it must be regular exercise.【2015辽宁】
医生说锻炼对健康很重要，但是它必须是有规律的锻炼。
He succeeded in entering a regular school.【2013浙江阅读】他成功进入一所普通学校。
The sides of the building aren’t regular.【2014湖北阅读】大楼的侧面是不规则的。
If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones.【2014重庆阅读】如果你经常走路，这将对你的心脏和骨头非常好。
regular customer 主顾
In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years.【2015上海完形】在美国，Domino’s Pizza估计一个主顾在接下来的10年价值5000美元。
regular的反义词：irregular 不定期的；不规律的；不规则的
regulate [ regjule t] v. 控制，管理
They regulate a child’s evening TV viewing time.【2015山东阅读】他们管理孩子晚间看电视的时间。
regulation [reɡj le n] n.规定，法令，条例；控制，管理；
Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations.【2012广东完形】汽车驾驶员必须遵守交通规定
reject [r d ekt] v. 拒绝
If what your friend comes up with surprises you, don’t reject it immediately.【2013浙江】
如果你想出的东西让你惊讶，不要立刻拒绝接受它。
reject 的名词形式：rejection n. 拒绝
relate [r le t] v. 联系；与……有联系；理解
用法：relate … to … 把……和……联系起来
The next stage is to relate the ideas to the job you have to do.【2014上海完型】下一步就是把想法和你做的工作联系起来。
relate to … 与……有联系
The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.【2013全国一阅读】第二个方面与部门对这些政策的运用有关系。
relate to理解
I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.【2015北京阅读】我喜爱科技并且紧跟科技潮流，这样我可以理解我的学生。
含有“联系”之意的词：link; associate; connect; tie
relate的名词形式：relation; relate的形容词形式：related
related [r le t d] adj. 相关的；有联系的；
The students are also required to read the passage below and some related stories.【2015重庆阅读】学生们被要求阅读下文和相关故事。
用法：be related to 与……有联系
Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.【2012天津阅读】拼写能力与写作能力有密切联系。
relation [r le n] n. 关系；联系（作联系时等同于relationship）
Those who had done the most boyhood activities were more likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people. 2016天津阅读 那些在孩童时期做最多家务的孩子更有可能与各种类型的人们有良好的关系。
relationship [r le n p] n. 联系
What is the probable relationship between the speakers 【2016江苏】说话人之间最有可能是什么联系
relevant [ rel v nt] adj. 相关的
The on-line classroom provides an innovative relevant and interactive Learning environment.【2016江苏阅读】这个网络课堂提供一个创新的、相关的以及互动的学习环境。
relative [ rel t v] n. 亲戚；adj. 相对的
He had no children of his own, and most of his relative s had passed away.【2013江苏阅读】他没有自己的孩子，并且大多数亲戚都去世了。
In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to deal with.【2015四川】在许多人看来，那家公司虽然相对较小但是相处起来非常愉快。
relax [r l ks] v. (使)放松，轻松
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.【2016四川阅读】之前的研究表明牛奶由于含有钙，它对于帮助睡眠是极好的，钙物质可以使人们放松。
relax的名词形式： relaxation n. 轻松
relax的两个形容词形式： relaxing adj. 令人轻松的；relaxed adj.轻松的
It is a time for relaxation.【2015全国二阅读】这是一个放松时间。
Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.【2015北京阅读】感到安全和放松将会有助于进入梦乡。
If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music.【2015全国二阅读】如果你需要慢下来， 你可以打开令人放松的音乐。
relay [ ri le ] n.轮换，接力赛 v. 传递，传达
You have no idea how she finished the relay race with her foot wounded so much.【2013福建】
你无法想象她是如何在脚受伤如此之中的情况下完成比赛的。
This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.【2015福建阅读】这表明那些能够向公众清晰传递信息的公司将会处于吸引顾客的有利地位。
rely [r la ] v. 依靠，依赖
用法：rely on 依靠
It’s unwise to simply rely on technology.【2013湖北阅读】仅仅依靠科技是不明智的
同义词 depend on; count on
rely的形容词形式：reliable可靠的 ；rely的名词形式：reliance依靠
reliable [r la bl] adj. 可靠的
I have been convinced that the print media are usually more accurate and more reliable than television.【2015浙江】我深信平面媒体比电视更准确可靠
同义词：dependable adj. 可靠的
reliance [r la ns] n. 依靠，依赖
By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up.【2015上海阅读】通过允许这些组织相互依赖，更大的组织可以被建立。
同义词：n. 依靠，依赖 dependence
relieve [r li:v] v. 缓解，减轻
The author calls on us to act now so as to relieve the global food shortage.【2013上海阅读】
作者号召我们现在就采取行动去缓解全球食物危机。
relieve的形容词形式：relieved adj. 宽慰的，不再忧虑的
relieve的名词形式：relief n. 减轻，缓解；宽慰，宽心
relieved [r li:vd] adj. 宽慰的，不再忧虑的
Relieved , Mary made them a snack and sent them back to bed.【2015江西完形】玛丽感到很宽慰，给他们做了小吃然后送他们去睡觉。
relief [r li f] n. 减轻，缓解；宽慰，宽心
It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports but whatever it is, make sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.【2016全国二语法填空】这可以是诸如园艺、做饭或体育，但是不管是什么，一定要确保他缓解压力而不是另一个需要担心的事情。
“You’ll really need that fishing break to help you recover,” laughed his mother with relief.【2015江西】 “你真地需要钓鱼期间的休息去帮助你恢复”，妈妈宽慰地笑了。
religion [r l d n] n. 宗教
The debate between science and religion continues to be heated.【2013陕西阅读】
宗教和科学之间的辩论仍然很激烈。
religion的形容词形式：religious [r l d s] adj. 宗教的
For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs.【2012安徽阅读】对于许多国家而言，蓝色是保护和宗教信仰的标志。
易混词:region 地区
remain [r me n] v 继续，依然；停留，留下；仍然是
They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places.【2015天津回答问题】
通过训练，在喧闹和拥挤的地方他们依然可以很安静
After queuing for hours, many tourists can remain in front of the painting only for 15 seconds at most. 【2012重庆阅读】排了几个小时队之后，许多游客最多只能在画面前停留15分钟
But how to protect our eyesight still remains a question among us students.【2015天津写作】
但是如何保护我们的视力仍然在我们学生当中仍然是一个问题。
remain to do尚待
It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.【2013陕西】新形成的委员会政策是否可以被实施尚待观察。
remains [r me nz] n. 剩余物；遗迹，遗体
Climbing to the McKenney Cone, people will see a path lined with remains of earlier eruptions.【2013 重庆阅读】爬McKenney Cone的时候，人们将会发现路边排满了早期火山喷发的剩余物（火山灰）
Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.【2015上海阅读】
当局认为关于人类遗体的法律需要彻底讨论。
remark [r mɑ:k] n. 言论，意见；v. 谈到，说起
I can’t deny that her remarks hurt me.【2015江苏】我不能否认她的言论伤害了我。
As we flew home over Britain, both of us remarked how green everything looked.【2012湖北阅读】
当我们飞回家的时候，我们都谈到眼前的一切都很陌生。
remember [r memb ] v. 记得，想起；记住；纪念，悼念
Although I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film, I remember my family was moved to tears.【2016上海】虽然当时我年幼，不理解这部电影的含义，但我记得我的家人都感动得落泪了。
I can't remember those grammar rules! 【2014福建】我记不住这些语法规则
Many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day.【2012辽宁阅读】
许多中国人将在他那特殊的一天纪念孔子
用法：remember to do 记得要做某事
Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s reach.【2015四川】一定要记得把诸如刀子之类的危险东西放在孩子够不着的地方。
remember doing 记得做过某事
I remember feeling small and frightened.【2015全国一完形】我记得当时很渺小、很害怕。
remind [r ma nd] v 提醒；使想起
用法：remind sb to do sth 提醒某人去做某事
It reminds one to take medicine on time.【2015湖北】它提醒人们按时吃药。
remind sb of/about sth 提醒某人某事
She was reminded of the day they flew kites.【2015浙江阅读】这使她想起了他们一起放风筝的日子。
remind的名词形式：reminder n. 起提醒作用的东西
The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.【2015上海语法与词汇】项链挂在我的脖子上，时刻提醒着我人类的友善。
remote [r m t] adj. 遥远的
As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only occasionally.【2013湖北】因为他住在遥远的地区，他只是偶尔看看父母。
remote control 遥控器
remove [r mu v] v. 移走，搬走，移除
His father’s letter removed his fear of failing his parents.【2015安徽阅读】父亲的来信去除了他让其父母失望的恐惧。
rent [rent] v. 租用；出租 n. 租金
Where can you put an advertisement to rent out a room during a big event 【2015四川阅读】在大型赛事期间你在哪里做广告可以出租房屋
Working at night needed lights, so I rented a machine to produce electricity for the site.【2015江苏完形】在晚上工作需要电，所以为工地租了一个发电的机器。
辨析：rent 与 hire都有租用的意思，基本可以替换，但是表达“租车”时只能用hire；另外hire还有“雇佣（人）”的意思
You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host family.【2015上海】在公交车站你可以找到出租车，你可以租出租车到达你的主人家。
Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers a medical school.【2012湖北阅读】Sophia和她的支持者主动提出为医学院雇佣老师。
repair [r pe ] n. vt 修理
repeat [r pe ] vt. 重复
I was determined not to repeat their mistakes.【2015陕西阅读】我决定不再重新犯他们的错误。
repeat的形容词形式：repetitive [r pet t v] adj. 重复（乏味）的
Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.【2014重庆阅读】如果你重复做某件事，任何事都会变得无聊。
repeat的名词形式：repetition [ rep t n] n. 重复
Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firm’s name or product, words organized in eye-catching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.【2015全国一阅读】从衣服到饮料，每一件东西都被用聪明的方式促销：重复公司的名字或其产品、组织吸引眼球的语言、使用华丽的文字以及容易记忆的短语。
replace [r ple s] v. 取代，代替，替换；
The house I grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office building.【2014江西】
我小时候住的房子被推到了并被一座办公大楼替换了。
用法：replace A with B 用B替换A
It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 【2015重庆】这所新的办公大楼是否应该被现代宾馆取代仍在讨论当中。
replace的名词形式：replacement n. 代替
同义词：take the place of 代替；substitute v. 代替，n. 替代品，替代者
reply [r pla ] v. n. 回答，回复
Your timely reply will be highly appreciated.【2013广东 信息匹配】非常感谢你的及时回复。
用法：reply to 回答……
You may reply to a long e-mail briefly.【2015山东阅读】你可以简短地回复一封长的电子邮件。
What surprised the children most when they received letters in reply from Santa Claus every year 【2012浙江阅读】当孩子们每年都收到圣诞老人的来信时他们最惊讶的是什么？
同义词：respond v. 回答，回复；response n. 回答，回复
report [r p t] n. v. 报道，报告
reporter [r p t ] n. 记者 同义词journalist n. 记者
represent [repr zent] vt. 代表；相当于，意味着
To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring.【2012安徽阅读】
对埃及人而言，绿色代表春天的希望和喜悦。
Although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population, those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs.【2015上海阅读】尽管老年人只相当于13%的美国人口，但是那些65岁及以上的老人占据三分之一的药品消费市场。
represent的两个名词形式：representation; representative
representative [repr zent t v] n. 代表（人）
What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do [阅读]2013广东 拿破仑希望俄国代表做什么？
representation [ repr zen te n] n. 代表（物）
“Storm at Sea”, a short poem written around 700, is generally regarded as one of mankind’s earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.【2013重庆阅】写于大约700年的“Storm at Sea”通常被视为人类最早的大西洋艺术作品代表。
republic [r p bl k] n. 共和国
reputation [repj te n] n. 名誉，名声
She devoted herself to her research entirely and it earned her a good reputation in her field.【2015湖北】她完全致力于她的研究当中，这给她在其领域里带来了好的名声。
同义词：fame
request [r kwest] n. 要求，请求 （~for）；v. 要求，请求
The response to her request for help was very huge.【2013山东阅读】对于她请求帮助的反应非常大
用法：request sb to do sth
The teacher requested her students to finish their usual questions.【2014湖南阅读】老师要求学生完成他们通常的问题。
require [r kwa ] vt. 需要；要求
The law in almost all states used to require stores to close on Sunday.【2014湖北阅读】几乎所有州的法律都要求商店在周日关门
They require a lot of investment.【2013全国一阅读】他们需要大量的投资
require 的名词形式：requirement [r kwa m nt] n.需要；要求
rescue [ reskju ] vt. 营救,援救 n. 营救，救援
The rescue happened on the day before he left for France.【2015陕西阅读】营救发生在他去法国之前。
用法：rescue sb/sth from sb/sth 把……从……救出来
My work is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man.【2015上海阅读】我的工作是将人们从大象那里解救出来并且使人们和大象保持安全的距离。
research [r s t ] n. v. 研究
The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.【2012浙江】
研究缺乏确凿的证据，因此他的结论是令人怀疑的。
research的另一名词形式：researcher n. 研究者
resemble [r zembl] v. 像
There is a metal lamp that resembles a pair of shoes.【2012安徽阅读】有一双像鞋子的灯。
like表“像”之意时是介词
You are not like a kid obeying instructions any more.【2012江西阅读】你不再像是一个听话的孩子了。
reserve [r z v] v. 预定；保留，留出；n. 保护区
We were told that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week.【2014广东语法填空】我们被告知那周我们的房子没有被预定。
We will only be able to reserve the pool for one hour.【2015福建阅读】游泳池只能保留一个小时
This coastal area was named a national wildlife reserve last year.【2015湖南】该海岸去年被命名为国家自然保护区。
reserve作动词时的名词形式：reservation [rez ve n]n. 预定
We had made our reservation six months earlier.【2014广东单词填空】六个月之前我们就预定了。
reserve的形容词形式：reserved [r z vd]adj. 含蓄的，内敛的
resign [r za n] vi. 辞职，放弃
I believe that as soon as I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.【2014上海阅读】
我认为我一得到一个好的职位我就立刻辞掉现有的岗位。
resign的名词形式：resignation[ rez g ne n]辞职，放弃
resist [r z st] v. 抵挡，忍住；抵抗
Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products.【2013北京阅读】
一旦我们意识到这点我们就能更好地抵挡减肥产品的诱惑
It has the ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.【2015广东阅读】
它有能力保护自己去抵抗新药。
resist的名词形式：resistance；resist的形容词形式：resistant
resistance [r z st ns] n.抵挡，抵抗
Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.【2012上海阅读】男性荷尔蒙有助于增强身体对压力的抵抗
resistant [r z st nt] adj.有抵抗力的，抵制的
Among products are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water.【2015上海完形】在这些产品中有一款抗脏防水的特殊窗户。
respect [r spekt] vt. n. 尊敬，尊重
People should respect each other.【2013北京阅读】人们应该互相尊重
Friendship is built upon respect for each other.【2014浙江阅读】友谊建立在互相尊重基础之上。
respond [r spekt] v. 反应；回答，回复
用法：respond to…反应；回答，回复
Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.【2013福建阅读】
知道基本的急救技能可以帮助你对紧急情况快速做出反应。
They respond to users more slowly.【2015天津阅读】他们对用户的反应更慢。
respond的名词形式：response [r sp ns]反应；回答，回复
responsible [r sp ns bl] adj. 负责的，有责任心的
We were all deeply moved and proud of having such a responsible teacher. [写作]2015北京 有这样一位负责任心的老师我们感到感动和骄傲。
用法：be responsible for对……负责；是……的原因
Who should be responsible for the accident 【2013福建】谁应该承担该事故的责任？
Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages.【2013安徽】人类活动不是所有水短缺的原因
responsible的反义词：irresponsible adj. 不负责任的
responsible的名词形式：responsibility责任
responsibility [r sp ns b l t ] n. 责任
Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream.【2014上海阅读】公司的社会责任被视为主流。
用法：(take) responsibility for (doing) sth 对……负责
Taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity.【2015天津阅读】
对错误负责是成熟的标志。
rest [rest] n. 休息v. 休息
Some people feel guilty when taking time to rest.【2013湖北阅读】一些人当他们休息的时候会感到内疚。
rest one’s feet/legs/eyes 歇歇腿/脚
I chose to rest my legs in Liverpool’s famous Philharmonic pub.【2014重庆阅读】我选择在利物浦著名的Philharmonic酒吧歇歇脚。
the rest(of) (……的) 剩余部分
The police officers in our city work hard so that the rest of us can live a safe life.【2015上海】
为了让我们过上安全的生活，城市里的警察努力工作
take/have a rest休息 (此时等同于take/have a break)
Hiking students can have a regular rest in the shade of trees.【2015福建阅读】徒步旅行的学生可以定期在树底下休息。
restaurant [ rest r nt] n.饭馆, 饭店
restriction [r str k n] n.限制
The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something.【2014江苏阅读】我们资源的最大的限制就是我们可以投入时间的数量。
restrict 的动词形式：restrict [r str kt]v. 限制
result [r z lt] n. 结果
I just can’t stop worrying about the result of the job interview.【2013天津】
我总是不停地担心工作面试的结果。
短语：as a result 结果
As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.【2016北京七选五】结果，人类发展了一系列性格，这些性格今天依然存在。
as a result of 由于
As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings need repairing in the area.【2015陕西】由于严重的洪水，该地区2/3的建筑需要被修补。
result from由于
Countless more animal deaths result from the use of artificial lighting.【2013天津阅读】无数动物的死亡都是由于人造灯的使用。
result in 导致
In Texas, farmers’ overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. 【2015安徽阅读】在德克萨斯，农民过渡使用灌溉水导致储蓄水减少了25%。
retell [ri tel] v. 复述
The teacher stressed again that the students should not leave out any important details while retelling the story.【2013湖北】老师再次强调学生们在复述故事的时候不要遗漏任何重要信息。
retire [r ta ] v. 退休
Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday abroad.【2012辽宁】直到三年前从教师岗位退休他才考虑去国外度假。
retire 的名词形式：retirement [r ta rm nt] n.退休
return [r t n] v. 回来，回去；退还，放回；回报 n. 回来，回去；退还，放回；收益；
I took the suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman.【2013北京阅读】我将箱子送到车里，然后回去帮助那位女士。
I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday.【2013重庆】恐怕在星期五之前我不能把书还给你
They don’t need to return the favor because I’m totally uninterested in their things.【2015福建单词拼写】他们不需要回报我的恩惠，因为我对他们的事情完全不感兴趣。
We look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time.【2014江苏阅读】
我们寻求最大化时间的投资所带来的收益
The return of a wallet can indicate one’s honesty.【2014重庆阅读】退还钱包可以表明一个人很诚实。
短语：return to继续做，重新做
Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.【2015上海】风能是一种古老的能源，在不远的将来我们将会重新使用。
in return 作为回报，作为报酬
In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist.【2014江苏阅读】作为回报这本书将会帮助你像经济学家一样思考。
reuse [ri ju z] vt. 重新使用
Environment-friendly shopping bags can be reused.【2013安徽写作】环保购物袋可以被重新使用。
review [r vju ] v. 检查，审查；评论；复习；回顾 n.检查，审查；评论
The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and comprehensive review of the case.【2015江苏】警察决定对该案件实施一个彻底的和全面的检查。
They are happy to review the publishers’ opinions.【2014辽宁阅读】他们乐于评论出版商的观点。
They review before exams.【2014广东】他们在考试之前复习。
People review the past with great regret.【2014江西阅读】人们充满悔意地回顾过去。
In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack.【2012陕西阅读】科学家在一份研究的审查中发现暴露于污染物的人们心脏病发作的的可能性高达5%。
His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.【2015陕西】
自从上个月出版以来，他的第一部小说收到了好的评论。
revision [r v n] n. 复习，修改（版）
However, don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage.【2015上海完形】但是，不要犯略过修改阶段这一错误。
revision的动词形式：revise [r va z] v. 复习，修改
The Ministry of Justice has so far failed to revise the law.【2015上海阅读】司法部到目前为止都没有修改这项法律。
revolution [rev lu n] n. 革命
The Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country.【2013北京阅读】
工业革命打破了乡村和城市之间的平衡。
易混词：evolution n. 进化
reward [r w d] n. v. 奖赏，酬谢 n. 奖赏
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.【2016北京】那些学生在学习上一直努力工作，他们的努力最后一定获得成功
Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward.【2015广东阅读】彼得给了那个小女孩300美元作为酬谢。
reward的形容词形式：rewarding adj. 值得做的，有意义的
The last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.【2016四川阅读】过去的20年是我们生活中最有意义的一部分之一。
rewind [ri wa nd] v. 回转（磁带等）
rewrite [ri ra t] vt. 重写
rhyme [ra m] n. v. 押韵
rice [ra s] n. 稻米；米饭
rich [r t ] adj. 有钱的；丰富的
短语：be rich in 富含……
It was rich in nutrition and tasted nice.【2013全国一阅读】它富含营养并且尝起来非常好。
rid [r d] v. 使摆脱掉
These men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat.【2015北京阅读】这些人们外出追赶像老虎这样的危险动物，即便他们说这么做只是为了使乡村摆脱威胁。
短语：get rid of 摆脱
Second, go outdoors and play games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.【2014安徽阅读】其次，和朋友出去做游戏作为绳梯锻炼是摆脱愤怒的有效方式。
riddle [ r dl] n. 谜(语)
ridiculous [r d kj l s] adj. 荒谬的
It seems ridiculous to the writer that expensive watches with unnecessary functions still sell.【2014湖北阅读】作者认为带有不必要功能的昂贵手表还能卖得出去觉得很荒谬。
同义词 absurd
ride [ra d] v.骑(马、自行车等)；乘坐；n. 骑；乘坐；（乘车的）旅行
Trevor had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work.【2015全国一阅读】Trevor不得不起早，然后骑四公里的自行车去工作。
Mark offered to ride the bus with Susan each morning and evening until she could manage it by herself.【2015湖北完形】Mark主动提出和Susan每天早上一起乘公交车去上班知道Susan可以独自乘公交。
It was only a 15-minute ride home.【2015江西完形】骑自行车只要15分钟就到家了。
Little physical space has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences 【2014湖北阅读】狭小的物理空间使乘坐电梯与其它生活经历不一样。
Any kind of boat ride seemed to give him pleasure.【2013浙江完形】任何一种乘船旅行都会让他很开心。
短语：give sb a ride/lift 让某人搭便车
He gave the girl a ride back home.【2013陕西阅读】他让小女孩搭便车回家。
right [ra t] adj.正确的；右边的；合适的，恰当的 n. 权利；右边；adv. 恰恰，就在；正确地
Given he right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.【2014江西】只要给予恰当的训练这些青年足球运动员将来有一天会成长为国际巨星。
I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.【2015湖南阅读】我几乎被一个在人行道上骑自行车的人撞到了，当时他旁边恰好有一个自行车道。
Her motivation for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.【2014湖北】她创作的目的是渴望女性得到接受高等教育的权利。
right now 立刻，马上 同义词 right away
I’ll turn it down right now.【2014重庆】我会立刻把它关掉。
ring [r ] v. （钟、铃等）响；打电话 n. 电话，铃声 n. 环形物（如环、圈、戒指等）
ring-road n. 环形公路
rigid [ r d d] adj. 僵化的，僵硬的，死板的
The IQ scores of babies who are fed on demand are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.【2012广东阅读】按需喂养的婴儿的智商比按照死板的时间表喂养的婴儿的智商高死到五个百分点。
ripe [ra p] adj. 成熟的，熟的
A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat.【2014浙江阅读】一个像这样的装置可以识别那些成熟的可以宅吃的水果。
ripe的动词形式：ripen [ ra p n] v. 成熟
rise [ra z] v. 上升，增加
The manager believes prices will not rise by more than another four percent.【2013四川】经理认为价格增长将不会超过4个百分点。
risk [r sk] n. 风险，危险v. 冒……的危险
Simon decided to risk his life and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope.【2014全国二完形】 Simon决定冒着生命的奉献并试图用绳子将Joe送下山。
短语：take risks 冒风险
Scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.【2016北京七选五阅读】科学家说你冒风险的医院在情感少年时期会增加。
at risk 处于危险
Lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk.【2015四川阅读】缺乏睡眠会使鸟儿处于风险中。
risk的形容词形式：risky [r sk ]adj. 有风险的
It is risk y but beneficial.【2014重庆阅读】他们说这是有风险的但是有益的。
river [ r v ] n. 江；河
road [r d] n. 路
roast [r st] v. 烤（肉）
rob [r b] v. 抢劫；剥夺
用法：rob sb of sth 抢某人的……；剥夺某人的……
The woman was robbed of her handbag.【2012福建阅读】那位女士的手提袋被抢了
It can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it.【2013辽宁阅读】如果你不做的话她会剥夺你的自信心。
robot [ r b t] n. 机器人
rock [r k] n.岩石，摇滚vt. 摇,摇晃
rocket n. 火箭
role [r l] n. 角色；作用
Architects play a more important role than builders.【2016北京阅读】建筑师扮演比建房人更重要的角色
用法：have/play a role in (doing) sth 在（做）某事中扮演角色。
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations.【2015安徽阅读】食物在新年庆祝中扮演重要角色。
roll [r l] v. 滚动, 打滚 n. 面包圈; 卷状物
roller [ r l ]n. 滚筒
roller skatingn 滑旱冰
roof [ru f] n. 屋顶
room [r m] n. 房间；空间
The living room was large enough for their piano.【2015北京阅读】卧室足够放一个钢琴。
For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, of which New York is an example. 【2013四川】对于世界上的许多城市而言，它们没有进一步拓展空间，纽约就是一个例子。
短语：make room for= make a space for为……腾出空间
Communication is making a space for discussion.【2015山东完形】交流为讨论腾出空间。
rooster [ ru st ] n. (美)公鸡
root [ru t] n. 根；根源 ；起源
We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.【2015天津】在我们解决问题之前我们必须找到问题的根源。
This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.【2015广东阅读】这表明英国对于口音的态度有很长的起源并且是基于种族偏见的。
用法：be rooted in 起源于……；植根于
Austen's popularity is rooted in her intelligence.【2013福建阅读】Austen的受欢迎起源于他的智慧。
Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences.【2014天津阅读】许多东西植根于童年的经历。
rope [r p] n. 绳，索
rose [r z] n. 玫瑰花
rot [r t] v. 烂; 腐败
rough [r f] adj. 粗糙的；艰难的；粗略的，大致的
He sped down the rough road.【2015江西阅读】他快速通过那个粗糙的道路。
She found writing helped her get through the rough days.【2015全国二阅读】她发现写作有助于他度过艰难时光。
I don't understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got rough idea of the project plan.【2014浙江】我不知道那个工程师的意思，但是我大致知道那个项目计划的大致想法。
round [ra nd] adv.转过来 prep.环绕一周，围着 adj. 圆的
routine [ru ti n] n. 常规，惯例；例行公事
No part of my old routine remained.【2015浙江阅读】我的一些老的习惯仍然保留下来了。
On most days, mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm.【2015四川阅读】
在大多数日子里，妈妈们在早晨7点开始他们的例行公事并于大约晚上9点结束。
row [r ] n. 排, 行 v. 划船
royal [ r l] adj. 皇家的，王室的，
rubber [ r b ] n. 橡胶
rubbish [ r b ] n. 垃圾； 废物
rude [ru d] adj. 无理的, 粗鲁的
I think I was a bit rude to you.【2015天津】我觉得我对你有一点小粗鲁。
rude的名词形式: rudeness 无礼，粗鲁
rugby [ r ɡb ] n. 橄榄球
ruin [ ru n] v. 毁坏，毁灭 n. 废墟，遗迹
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.【2016北京阅读】当他们第二天回到Rockaway的时候，他们发现他们的社区已经是废墟了
A heavy rain ruined the dinner.【2016新课标三】一场大雨毁灭了晚餐。
rule [ru l] n. 规则；规定；统治；v. 统治；控制；规定
Children may learn the rules of language by repeating their own experiments.【2016浙江阅读】孩子也许通过重复他们自己的实验的方法来学习语言规则。
The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.【2015山东】那个学校的规则规定除非有成年人陪伴否则不允许出校。
The lower classes might be ruled by the upper classes.【2015江西阅读】下层阶级可能被上层阶级统治。
rule作动词时的名词形式：ruler [ ru l ] n. 统治者
The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.【2015安徽阅读】问题出现于16世纪，当时的英国统治者试图征服爱尔兰。
run [r n] v. n. 跑；运营，经营；组织，管理
Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.【2015湖南阅读】永远牢记你的主要任务是使这个公司持续运营。
Moody faces retirement in three years, when he hopes to run the foundation full-time.【2015天津完形】 Moody三个月后面临退休，到那个时候他希望自己可以全职管理这个基金会。
短语：in the long/short run/term 从长远来看
However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.【2013江西阅读】然而，从长远来看真正有效的是分享知识。
run off 跑掉
I fought the urge to run off the stage.【2015山东完形】我克制了远离舞台的冲动。
run over 碾压
Many times, Peter and others witnessed squirrels being run over.【2012山东阅读】很多次，Peter和其他人看到了松鼠被碾压了。
run around 嬉戏
He also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game.【2014湖北阅读】
他也承认他很享受嬉戏并且把它看作一种游戏。
run into 偶遇，遇到（困难或麻烦）；撞上；
A car ran into a lorry.【2015福建】汽车撞上了卡车
As high school students, we run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning.【2015安徽写作】作为高中生，我们在学习中会遇到一个又一个问题。
run away逃跑；逃避
When I was 8 years old, I once decided to run away from home.【2013湖南完形】当我8岁的时候，我曾今决定远离家。
You can’t run away from your responsibilities.【2012江苏】你不能逃避责任。
run after追赶
When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall.【2015湖北】 当他追赶他的哥哥的时候，他失去了平衡并且摔倒了。
run out (of) 用光，用尽
The UK is running out of areas for burying this unnecessary waste.【2015山东阅读】英国即将用光埋藏这些不必要的垃圾的地方。
注意 use up也有用光的意思，但是use up是及物动词短语，run out是不及物动词短语所以
钱用光了 我们用光了钱
Money runs out. We run out of money
Money is used up. We use up money
run的两个名词形式：runner [ r n ] n. 赛跑者；操作者 ；running [ r n ] n. 跑步
rush [r ] v. 冲，奔跑；仓促行事 n. 匆忙时期；匆忙
When she was about to speak, a student rushed in and pushed her aside!【2015广东阅读】当他准备说话的时候，一个学生冲了进来然后把她推到一边。
The relaxing music makes you less likely to rush through a meal.【2015全国二阅读】轻松音乐使你吃饭的时候不会匆忙。
Parking in the rush hour is very difficult.【2015广东】
There’s really no rush.【2014四川阅读】没有必要着急。
短语：rush to do 赶忙做某事
Ben did not rush to help Mrs. Tailor.【2014江西阅读】Ben 不着急着帮Tailor女士。
rush…to…把……急送到……
Kruger was rushed to the hospital.【2012辽宁完形】Kruger被急急忙忙地送往医院。
rush hour早高峰，晚高峰
Is it possible that annoying rush hour traffic could become a source of renewable energy 【2015浙江阅读】令人恼怒的早晚高峰会成为可再生资源的来源吗？
高考核心词汇与练习---R
1. range n. 批；组；范围 v. 排列；涉及
（1) It came ____________the range of my vision.该物体进入了我的视野。
（2) —What is the cost of the MP4 here
—Well, the prices ______ from $100 to $500.
A. increase B. range C. reach D. different
（3) The exchange program between the UK and China may affect various schools ______ from kindergarten to high school.
A. spreading B. locating C. ranging D. including
2. recognize v. 认出；承认
（1) The place has changed beyond ____________(recognize).
（2) —Oh, it’s you. I _______ you.
—I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized
C. haven’t recognized D. don’t recognize
（3) The famous film star wore dark glasses sot that no one would ______ him.
A. reach B. recognize C. realize D. know
3. recommend v.建议；劝告；推荐；介绍
（1) I recommend _________ (go) by subway.
（2) I recommend the book _______ all my students.我向我所有的学生推荐这本书。
（3) The doctor recommended that you ______ swim after eating a large meal.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
（4) I recommend ______ an English-Chinese dictionary, which is of great help to your studies.
A. buying B. bought C. to buy D. be bought
4. recover v. 痊愈；康复；找回；重新获得
（1) She soon recovered ___________(she) and went on with his lecture.
（2) He was fired last month and he’s still recovering _______ the shock.他上个月被解雇了，但他还没有从这次打击中恢复过来。
（3) Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharplyin the morning but _____ slightly in the afternoon.
A. recovered B. restored C. regained D. retained
（4) The police _____ the stolen jewelry and returned it to the owner.
A. searched B. hunted C. invented D. recovered
5. reflect v. 映照，反射；仔细思考
（1) She could see her face ___________ (reflect) in the water.
（2) She sat ____________(reflect) on how much had changed since she had bought the farm.
（3) After long _____________ (reflect) we decided to buy that house.
（4) The likely reactions of the market need to be ______ before we act.
A. considered on B. based on C. relied on D. reflected on
（5) Sean’s strong love for his country is _____ in his recently published poems.
A. relieved B. reflected C. responded D. recovered
6. regret v. 遗憾；后悔 n. 遗憾；后悔
（1) He told me __________ regret that he could not come to the party.他很抱歉地对我说他不能来参加这个聚会了。
（2) How I regretted ______ hard at school, ______ led to the failure in my career!
A. not to study; which B. not having studied; that
C. not having studied; which D. not to study; that
（3) —You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—Well, now I regret ______ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have been done D. having done
7. relevant a. 重要的；有关的；相关的
（1) What you said is __________ (无关的) to the matter in hand.
（2) The secretary should have all the _____ documents ready before the meeting begins.
A. concerning B. respecting C. relevant D. regarding
（3) He failed to supply the facts relevant _____ the case in question.
A. for B. with C. to D. of
8. remark n. 评论；意见 v. 评论；谈论
（1) People often remark _________ how alike John and Malcolm look.人们经常谈论约翰和马尔科姆长得多么像。
（2) —How do you know about the meeting
—The chairperson made the ______ that it was a success.
A. remark B. meaning C. difference D. signal
（3) “This is quite delicious,” she remarked ______ her host.
A. at B. for C. to D. in
9. remind v. 提醒，使想起
（1) She reminds me _________ giving the classroom a good cleaning.
（2) In our childhood, we were often _____ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.
A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped
（3) —Call me at 9:00. I can’t afford to miss such a conference.
—Don’t worry, sir. You’ll surely be ______.
A. reminded B. warned C. informed D. remembered
10. remove v. 移走；去掉；去除；脱去
（1) Three children ______________________ (remove) from school.
（2) I am going to do all I can to _____ the unpleasant impression you have of me.
A. solve B. form C. remove D. move
（3) What do you advise for ______ ink from my clothes
A. removing B. moving C. getting D. bringing
11. replace v. 更换；替换；代替
（1) It’s not a good idea to miss meals and replace them _________ snacks.不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。
（2) He has replaced Mr. Brown __________ President.他取代布朗先生当了董事长。
（3) John is not here today. Who can _____ him in the game
A. replace B. take the place C. instead of D. in place of
（4) They tried to _____ hard plastics for metals in manufacturing machine parts.
A. replace B. substitute C. take the place of D. give way to
12. represent v. 代表；表示；象征；描绘
（1) He is a people’s ______________(represent).
(2) He represented himself ____________an expert.他自称专家。
(3) The thirteen stars on the American flag ______ the thirteen colonies that announced independence.
A. show B. sign C. represent D. explain
(4) I couldn’t present myself, but I sent my ______ to the meeting.
A. delegate B. specimen C. representative D. representation
13. request v. 要求；请求 n. 要求；请求
(1) He was there _______________________(应……的请求) his manager.
(2) We should consider the students’ request _____ the school library provide more books on popular science.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
(3) I’m sorry that I cannot accept your _______ to attend your birthday party, Linda, because I’m ______ to answer all the customers’ letters tonight by my boss.
A. requirement; required B. demand; requested
C. request; suggested D. request; required
14. resist v. 抵制；抗拒；反抗
(1) I couldn’t resist ___________(tell) him the secret.
(2) His girlfriend couldn’t resist _____ him about his family background.
A. to ask B. asking C. ask D. about asking
(3) I didn’t mean _____ anything, but those apples looked so good I couldn’t resist _____ one.
A. to eat; trying B. to eat; to try C. eating; to cry D. eating; trying
15. respect v. & n. 敬重；敬佩；尊重
(1) Give my ____________(respect) to your parents.
(2) The neighbors do not consider his quite _____ as most evenings he awakens them with his drunken singing.
A. respectful B. respected C. respectable D. respective
(3) He was _____ selfless man that everybody ______ him.
A. so a; respectable B. a such; respect C. such a; respects D. such a; respected
16. reward v. 报答；奖赏 n. 奖赏；回报；酬金
(1) He received a medal _________________(为奖赏) his bravery.
(2) It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because