资料简介 2024年初中英语48个音标教学课件.pptx 展开
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英语音标教学研讨课程 unit 1
语音的重要性:
英语学习的最终目的是交际,而交际是通过口语来进行的,语音在此过程中起着至关重要的作用。语言有三要素:语音、语法、和词汇,其中语音是语言的基础。只有学好发音,才能听懂人家说的话,才能对所学的材料以正确的形式在脑子里储存下来,以正确的形式使它重现,从而加强对语言的感受,最有效地掌握语法和词汇,提高实际使用的能力。
英语音标教学研讨课程 unit 1
发音器官图
1.上唇 9.舌端
2.下唇 10.舌前部
3.上齿 11.舌后部
4.下齿 12.猴头
5.上齿龈 13.声带位置
6.硬腭 14.气管
7.软腭 15.咽喉
8.小舌 16.口腔
17.鼻腔
什么是音标?
音标就是记录音素的符号,是音素的标写符号。
它的制定原则是:一个音素只用一个音标表示,
一个音标只表示一个音素。
元音(20个)
长元音 /ɑ:/ / :/ / :/ /i:/ /U:/
短元音 / / / / / / / / / / /e/ / /
双元音 /e // //a //a // // //e // /
辅音(28个)
轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / / /z/
轻辅音 / / / h/ /ts/ /t / /tr/
浊辅音 / / / r/ /dz/ /d / /dr/
鼻音 /m/ /n/ / /
半元音 / j/ / w/ 边音 / /
填空.
1.国际音标有--------个,它们按发音时气流是否受到阻碍分为
两类------------和----------。
2.其中辅音又可按声带的震动分为--------和--------。
3.元音按其个数分为-------------和--------------。
4.单元音根据其发音时舌位的不同分为---------,---------,---------。
把下列音标按照元音和辅音归类
/ / / / /t / / / /a /
/θ/ / / /a / / / /tr/
/g/ / / /U:/ / j/ / /
元音
辅音
26个英文字母及发音音标
A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:]
D d [di:] E e [i:] F f [ef]
G g [d3i:] H h [eit∫] I i [ai]
J j [d3ei] K k [kei] L l [el]
M m [em] N n [en] O o [3u]
P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:]
S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:]
V v [vi:] W w [′d∧blju:] X x [eks]
Y y [wai] Z z [zi:][zed]
英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音标: [ei] [eit∫] [d3ei] [kei]
2)含元音音素[i:]
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d3i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3)含元音音素[e]
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4)含元音音素[ju:]
字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:]
5)含元音音素[ai]
字母: Ii Yy
音标: [ai] [wai]
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音标: [ei] [eit∫] [d3ei] [kei]
2)含元音音素[i:]
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d3i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3)含元音音素[e]
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4)含元音音素[ju:]
字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:]
5)含元音音素[ai]
字母: Ii Yy
音标: [ai] [wai]
找出所含音素不同的一项
1.A a B b C c G g
2.D d E e F f V v
3.G g H h J j K k
4.L l M m N n O o
5.Q q Y y U u W w
写出英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.
1)含元音音素____________
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音标: [ei] [eit∫] [d3ei] [kei]
2)含元音音素____________
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d3i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3)含元音音素______________
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4)含元音音素_________
字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:]
5)含元音音素____________
字母: Ii Yy
音标: [ai] [wai]
写出含有共同的元音音素的字母
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母:
音标: [ei] [eit∫] [d3ei] [kei]
2)含元音音素[i:]
字母:
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d3i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3)含元音音素[e]
字母:
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4)含元音音素[ju:]
字母:
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:]
5)含元音音素[ai]
字母:
音标: [ai] [wai]
写出英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.
1)含元音音素____________
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
2)含元音音素____________
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
3)含元音音素______________
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
4)含元音音素_________
字母: Uu Qq Ww
5)含元音音素____________
字母: Ii Yy
英语一些含有共同的元音音素的字母和音标.
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母:
音标:
2)含元音音素[i:]
字母:
音标:
3)含元音音素[e]
字母:
音标:
4)含元音音素[ju:]
字母:
音标:
5)含元音音素[ai]
字母:
音标:
爆破音 [p] [b]
发音方法描述:
双唇闭紧,气流突然冲开双唇,冲出口腔。是清辅音,声带不振动。是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[p]
pen pencil panda pink
[pen] ['pensl] ['p nd ] [pi k]
play popcorn park plane
[plei] ['p pk :n] [pɑ:k] [plein]
book ball black banana banana
[buk] [b :l] [bl k] [b 'nɑ:n ] [b 'nɑ:n ]
boat bread bike bus
[b ut] [bred] [baik] [b s]
/b/
pen pencil panda pink
book ball black banana
play popcorn park plane
boat bread bike bus
读出下列单词
连线(将单词与对应的读音连接起来)
Pen [pen]
pencil [b :l]
panda ['pensl]
pink ['p pk :n]
book [plei]
ball [bred]
black [b 'nɑ:n ]
banana ['p nd ]
bus
bread [bl k]
play [buk]
popcorn [b ut]
park [plein]
plane [pɑ:k]
bike [pi k]
boat [b s]
看图写单词
看单词把音标补全
pen [__en] banana [__ 'nɑ:n ]
pencil ['__ensl] panda ['__ nd ]
pink [__i k] bread [__red]
black [__l k] popcorn ['__ __k :n]
Play [plei] boat [b ut]
[t] [d]
发音方法描述:
舌尖紧抵上齿龈,形成阻碍,然后突然分开,气流冲出口腔。[t]是清辅音,
声带不振动,[d]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[t]
time tiger two tea
[taim] ['taig ] [tu:] [ti:]
tip ten talk boot
[tip] [ten] [t :k] [bu:t]
/d/
dog doll duck deer
[d g] [d l] [d k] [di ]
dig doctor door desk
[dig] ['d kt ] [d : ] [desk]
dig doctor door desk
[dig] [‘d kt ] [d : ] [desk]
time tiger two
Tea tip ten
talk boot dog
doll duck deer
dig doctor door
desk
读出下列单词
time
tiger
two
tea
tip
ten
talk
boot
dog
doll
duck
deer
dig
doctor
door
desk
[taim]
['taig ]
[tu:]
[ti:]
[dig]
[desk]
[tip]
[ten]
[bu:t]
[‘d kt ]
[d : ]
[desk]
[t :k]
[bu:t]
[d g]
[d l]
[d k]
[di ]
看图写单词
[k] [g]
发音方法描述:
舌后部抬起,紧贴软腭,形成阻碍。气流冲开阻碍后冲出口腔。[k]是清辅音,声带不振动,[g]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[k] book 书,like 喜欢,key钥匙 kind好心的
koala树熊 cat猫 back后面
[g] egg 蛋,garden花园 good好的 guess猜
agree同意 dog狗
/k/
Kill clock look milk
[kil] [kl k] [luk] [milk]
kiss cow key lock
[kis] [kau] [ki:] [l k]
/g/
看图说词
bag girl good game
[b g] [g :l] [gud] [geim]
gift egg pig flag
[gift] [eg] [pig] [fl g]
读出下列单词
Kill clock look milk
kiss cow key lock
bag girl good game
gift egg pig flag
看图写单词
摩擦音
[f] [v]
发音方法描述:
下唇轻触上齿,气流由唇齿问的缝隙通过,摩擦成音。[f]是清辅音,声带不
振动,[v]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[f] fly放飞, far 远的, wife妻子 laugh 笑,
feel感觉 floor地板 awful可怕的 dolphin海豚
[v] village 村庄,live 居住,over 结束,vacation假期 arrive到达 avenue大街 give给
/f/
flower frog four five
['flau ] [fr g] [f :] [faiv]
food first foot read
[fu:d] [f :st] [fut] [ri:d]
/v/
eleven seven van love
[i'lev n] ['sev n] [v n] [l v]
visit voice vest victory
['vizit] [v is] [vest] ['vikt ri]
[θ] [ ]
发音方法描述:
舌尖轻触上齿背部,气流从舌齿问的缝隙送出。 [θ]是清辅音,声带不振动。 [ ]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[θ] think想 thank thief贼 thin薄的
fourth第四 birth出生 their他们的
[ ] this这个 that那个 rather相当
those那些,smooth
/θ/
thirteen tooth thirty thread
[θ :'ti:n] [tu:θ] ['θ :ti] [θred]
three mouth month north
[θri:] [mauθ] [m nθ] [n :θ]
/ /
father mother brother together
['fɑ: ] ['m ] ['br ] [t 'ge ]
weather clothe feather
['we ] [kl u ] ['fe ]
[s] [z]
发音方法描述:
舌端靠近上齿龈,气流从舌端和齿龈间通过,形成摩擦音。[s]是清辅音,声带不振动, [z]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[s] pencil 铅笔, dress 女服, sit坐 size大小
soap肥皂 person人 visit拜访
[z] zoo动物园 use使用 cheese奶酪
/s/
six snow sun summer
[siks] [sn u] [s n] ['s m ]
sit smell sister sing
[sit] [smel] ['sist ] [si ]
/z/
zebra zoo nose zip
['zibr ] [zu:] [n uz] [zip]
zero rose zigzag praise
['zi r u] [r uz] ['zigz g] [preiz]
[ ] [ ]
发音方法描述:
舌身抬起靠近硬腭,舌端抬向上齿龈,形成狭长通道,气流由此通过,双唇稍微收圆并略突出。 [ ] 是清辅音,声带不振动,
[ ]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[ ] she她 sheep 绵羊,wish 希望, Asia亚洲 delicious可口的 vacation假期 short短的
[ ] decision决定garage汽修厂vision视野, pleasure
/ /
fish wash sheep shoe
[fi ] [w ] [ i:p] [ u:]
push shop shirt brush
[pu ] [ p] [ :t] [br ]
/ /
television garage treasure
['telivi n] ['g rɑ:(d) ] ['tre ]
measure pleasure decision
['me ] ['ple ] [di'si n]
[h]
发音方法描述:
发音时口张开,在通过声门时发出轻微摩擦,气流经过口腔时不受阻碍。[h]是清辅音,声带不振动。
例词:
he他 her,how hear听见 hair头发
hall大厅 heavy重的 height高度
hobby嗜好house房子 humid潮湿的
/h/
house horse hamburger head
[haus] [h :s] ['h mb :g ] [hed]
hand hair hat hen
[h nd] [h ] [h t] [hen]
[r]
发音方法描述:
舌尖卷起,抬向上齿龈后部,但不发生摩擦,舌两侧稍收拢,口形略突出,气流通过时发出轻微摩擦,[r]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
rain下雨 read读 relax放松 reporter记者
ride乘 rule规则 right往右
remember记住 relationship关系
/r/
red rocket rain ruler
[red] ['r kit] [rein] ['ru:l ]
rubber run rooster robber
['r b ] [r n] ['ru:st ] ['r b ]
[t ] [d ]
发音方法描述:
舌尖舌端抬高,贴住上齿龈后部形成阻碍,气流冲出阻碍摩擦成音。口形稍突出,略成方形。[t ]是清辅音,声带不振动,[d ] 是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[t ] child 小孩,check 检查,reach 到达, teach 教书,catch 抓住,cheese奶酪 channel频道change变化 culture文化
[d ] page页,jazz爵士乐 Egypt埃及 exchange交换 joke笑话 juice果汁
/t /
chick matches cheese teach
[t ik] [m t s] [t i:z] [ti:t ]
check chair cherry watch
[t ek] [t ] ['t eri] [w t ]
/d /
age jeans jeep soldier
[eid ] [d i:nz] [d i:p] ['s uld ]
message jet jacket junk
['mesid ] [d et] ['d kit] [d k]
[tr] [dr]
发音方法描述:
舌尖向上卷起,并抵住上齿龈后部,气流冲出舌尖和齿龈之问的阻碍,双唇收圆,稍向前突出。[tr]是清辅音,声带不振动,[dr]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[tr] country国家 true真实的 tree树
street街道
[dr] draw画 address地址 dry干的 dream 梦想, drive 开车 drink饮料
/tr/
tree try truck train
[tri:] [trai] [tr k] [trein]
trick track trap travel
[trik] [tr k] [tr p] ['tr vl]
/dr/
drink drive dragon dress
[dri k] [draiv] ['dr g n] [dres]
drop drawing drum drug
[dr p] ['dr :i ] [dr m] [dr g]
[ts] [tz]
发音方法描述:
舌端贴住上齿龈,形成阻碍,气流冲破阻碍,口形扁平。[ts]是清辅音,声带不振动,[dz]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[ts] coats 大衣,gets 获得,wants想要
rests休息 tests测验 units单元
[tz] reads 读, ads广告 rides骑
friends朋友 kinds种类
/ts/
cats hats rats
[k ts] [h ts] [r ts]
friends hands beds
[frendz] [h ndz] [bedz]
/dz/
[m]
发音方法描述:
双唇紧闭,软腭下垂,气流从鼻腔送出。在词末时,须略延长,以防止吞音。
例词:
me我 my我的, come 来, tomorrow 明天,
map地图 amazing令人惊异的
remember 记住 time时间 Moscow莫斯科
exam考试 form表格
/m/
money monkey map man
['m ni] ['m ki] [m p] [m n]
medal microscope Mickey mum
['medl] ['maikr sk p] ['miki] [m m]
[n]
发音方法描述:
舌尖紧贴上齿龈,软腭下垂,形成阻碍,气流由鼻腔送出。在词末时,须略延长,以防止吞音。
例词:
brown棕色的 sun太阳
rain下雨 winter冬天 champion冠军
own自己的 mind在乎
/n/
moon nine notebook nurse
[mu:n] [nain] ['n tb k] [n :s]
Ninety spoon nail necklace
['nainti] [spu:n] [neil] ['neklis]
[ ]
方法描述:
软腭下垂,舌后部向软腭抬起,堵住口腔通道,气流从鼻腔送出。词末时发音清晰有力,略微延长。
例词:
bank银行 song, long长的 sing唱歌
English英语 song歌曲 blank空的
painting绘画 singer歌手
shopping购物 think想
/ /
ping-pong finger sink ring
['pi p ] ['fi g ] [si k] [ri ]
King things wing spring
[ki ] [θi s] [wi ] [spri ]
[l], [l]
发音方法描述:
元音前读清晰[l],舌端抵上齿龈,气流从舌的一侧或两侧泄出;辅音前或词末发含糊[L],舌端也抵上齿龈,但是与清晰音相比,舌前部低,舌 后部高,发音略长。
例词:
low, close, long长的 left往左 lantern灯
like象 listing列表 all, sell, old老的
rule规则 false假的
school学校 silver银牌
/l/
leader lady left leaf
['li:d ] ['leidi] [left] [li:f]
luck lake lamb glasses
[luk] [leik] [l m] ['gla:siz]
[w]
发音方法描述:
舌后部向软腭抬起,舌位高,口形收圆并稍向前突出,发音短促,一经发出,立刻向后面的元音滑动,起辅音的作用。
例词:
we我们,week wait等候 walk走路 wallet钱包
wash洗 waiter服务员 week星期 winter冬天
win获胜 what什么
/w/
walk way watch wolf
[w :k] [wei] [w t ] [wulf]
wood wool weapon winter
[wud] [wul] ['wep n] ['wint ]
[j]
发音方法描述:舌前部尽量向硬腭抬
起,双唇平展,口微开,舌面和硬腭稍有摩擦,该半元音一经发出,立刻向后面的元音滑动,起辅音的作用。
例词:
yes是的 you你 yesterday 昨天 year年
unit单元 yet还 young年轻的 your你的
/j/
yes yacht music suit
[jes] [j t] ['mju:zik] [sju:t]
yard young yellow rose
[jɑ:d] [j ] ['jel u, r uz]
绕口令:
A big black bug bit a big black bear,
made the big black bear bleed blood.
大黑虫咬大黑熊,大黑熊流血了!
A laurel-crowned clown!
戴桂冠的小丑。
A noisy noise annoys an oyster.
嘈吵的噪音惹恼牡蛎。
A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.
一只老虎将领带系紧,清洁牠的尾巴。
Chop shops stock chops.
印章店备有印章。
Double bubble gum bubbles double.
双重的泡泡糖能吹双重的泡泡。
单元音:
长元音:/i:/ /ɑ:/ / :/ / :/ /U:/
短元音:/ / / / / / / / / / /e/ / /
/i:/
发音要领:
1、舌尖抵下齿,前舌尽量抬高。
2、嘴唇向两旁伸开,成扁平 。
e : we he she ,
ea : teacher speak please
ee : feel tree meet need
ie : piece
单元音:
/i:/
green free bee tea
[gri:n] [fri:] [bi:] [ti:]
knee meat teacher sea
[ni:] [mi:t] ['ti:t ] [si:]
/ /
发音要领:
1.舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,比/i:/要低。
2.嘴型扁平,牙床开得比/i:/宽。
3.可从/i:/出发,将小指尖放在上下齿之间,使下颚稍稍下垂,舌前部也随之稍稍下降。即可发出 / /
/i/
Disk kid six miss
[diski] [kid] [siks] [mis]
lip bill tip list
[lip] [bil] [tip] [list]
发音字母 : i y e ui u a
sit picture list mix fix pig big miss
minute
many twenty happy dictionary
Practice:
1.Please have a seat.
Seeing is believing.
2.I like coffee, I like tea,
I like Lingling skipping with me.
I slit a sheet, a sheet I slit.
Upon the slitted sheet, I sit.
我撕开了一张纸,那张纸给我撕开了。
在撕开了的纸上,我坐下了。
I wish you were a fish in my dish.
我巴不得你是我碟中的鱼。
/e/
发音要领
1、舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,比/i:/要低。
2、唇形中长,牙床开得比/i:/宽,上下齿间可容纳一个 食指。
/e/
telephone jet sell chess
['telif un] [d et] [sel] [t es]
best head left letter
[best] [hed] [ left] ['let ]
字母组合 ea e a (ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay)
head bread bed egg best
next any better lesson pen
Breakfast is ready.
Let’s get together again soon.
Well, let’s get everything ready!
Pen and pencil.
Pencil and pen.
Pen and pencil.
Say it again!
Let's read together.
/ /
发音要领:
1、舌尖抵下齿;舌前部稍抬高,舌位比/e/更低;
2、双唇平伸,成扁平形。张开牙床直至上下齿之间容纳食指和中指的宽度。
/ /
bat map back fat
[b t] [m p] [b k] [f t]
tank trap sad stamp
[t nk] [tr p] [s d] [st p]
发音字母 a
map hat fat bad mad
back man hand thank
I’m a cat, cat, cat
In a cap, cap, cap.
I’m a cat, cat, cat
in a hat, hat, hat.
中元音: / / / :/ / /
中元音发音要领:
1、舌尖抵住下齿,但不如发前元音时抵得那样紧。
2、舌面最高点在舌前部和舌后部之间。
3、不圆唇。
/ /
发音要领:
1、舌后部的靠前部分稍抬起,舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿,开口程度和/ /相似。双唇向两旁平伸。
2、从元音/ / 出发,将圆唇改为扁唇,即可发出此音。
u: up supper lunch fun cup bus
o: come mother dose brother love above
ou: trouble
oo: blood
/ /
sun gun cup supper
[s n] [g n] [k p] ['s p ]
up under shut jump
[ p] [' nd ] [ t] [d mp]
/ :/
发音要领:
1、舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起。。
2、牙床开得较狭窄,双唇和发/i:/时相似。
3、注意长度,不要发得太短。
ir: girl shirt skirt bird
ur; turn burn nurse turtle hurt
ear: learn earn heard
er; term her
or; work worm world
/ :/
Sir shirt first girl
[s : ] [ :t] [f :st] [g :l]
Work bird T-shirt birth
[w :k] [ b :d] ['ti:, :t] [b :θ]
/ /
发音要领:
1、舌身平放,舌中部略隆起。
2、牙床半开半合,唇形扁或中圆。
er: teacher remember player speaker farmer
or: doctor actor
ou: delicious dangerous
ar: dollar
o: together tomorrow today Washington polite
a: ago elephant banana Japan China
e: happen
/ /
summer winter marker letter
['s m ] ['wint ] ['mɑ:k ] ['let ]
worker numbers water drinker
['w :k ] ['n mb z] ['w :t ] ['dri k ]
Enough is enough ! Just shut up.
What’s up Nothing much.
Hurry up!
I love China.
China and America should always work together.
I have to work early tomorrow.
Words are not for hurting other people.
Let's read together.
后元音
/ɑ:/ / :/ / / /U:/ / /
后元音发音要领:
舌尖离开下齿,舌身后缩,舌后部向软腭抬起。除/ɑ:/用开扁唇外,其他双唇收圆。
发 /ɑ:/ / :/ /U:/ 时要注意长度,不要发得太短。
/ɑ:/
发音要领:1、舌尖离开下齿;口张大,舌身压低并后缩。
2、双唇呈扁型。
ar: arm art hard
a: fast last class father
Bark Bark Bark
The dog is barking after the car.
/a:/
shark artist park glass
[ ɑ:k] [ɑ:tist] [pɑ:k] [glɑ:s]
car card classmate glasses
[kɑ:] [kɑ:d] [klɑ:smeit] [glɑ:sis]
/ :/
发音要领:
1、舌尖离开下齿;舌后部抬得比/ /略高。压低并后缩。
2、双唇也收得更圆更小,并需用力向前突出。
3、注意长度不要发得太短。
al: small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
or:short more horse for forty sport story door floor caught daughter
au: autumn August bought warm
“[w]+ar” ,ar发 : warm war toward
/ :/
/ :/
walk talk four call
[w :k] [t :k] [f :] [k :]
sport pork corner order
[sp :t] [p :k] ['k :n ] [' :d ]
/ /
发音要领:
1、舌尖离开下齿;口张大,舌身压低并后缩。
2、双唇稍稍收圆。
3、可先发/ɑ:/音,然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩,双 唇稍稍收圆(不要突出),即可发出/ /。
o: hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss dollar
a: want wash watch
au: because
Bob Bob Bob
is an orange dog.
job hot clock block
[d b] [h t] [kl k] [bkl k]
mop pocket rock rocket
[m p] ['p kit] [r k] ['r kit]
/ /
/U:/
发音要领:
1、双唇比/ /收得更圆更小,向前突出,舌后部比/ /抬得 更高。
2、注意长度,不要发得太短,口腔肌肉要始终保持紧张状态。
o: do shoe who
oo: food too moon noon
u: true blue
/u:/
zoo moon pool shoot
[zu:] [mu:n] [pu:l] [ u:t]
tooth juice shoe blue
[tu:θ] [d u:s] [ u:] [blu:]
/ /
发音要领:
1、舌尖离开下齿;舌后部向软腭抬起,舌身后缩。
2、双唇收圆,稍向前突出。
oo: look good foot book wood
ou: should could
u: put push
O: woman
/u/
book look cook foot
[buk] [luk] ['kuk] [fut]
bull wood pull push
[bul] [wud] [pul] [pu ]
双元音
双元音是作为一个音节、用一次呼气发出来的两个元音的连缀。这个连缀是以滑溜音的形式读出来的,即舌从第一个元音的位置向第二个元音方向以最直接的途径滑过去而成为一个音。双元音的两个成分中只有第一个读得比较重、长和清晰,第二个则要读得比较轻、短和含糊。
常发这个元音的字母是“a”,此外,还有字母组合“ai”、“ea”、“eigh”、“aigh”、“ay”、“ey”等 .
发音要领:
1.口形由/e/向/ /滑动。
2. 发音过程中下颚向上合拢,舌位也随之稍稍抬高。
name lake game snake place say play lay eight
/ei /
age gate cake way
[eid ] [geit] [keik] [wei]
aim paint make-up sail
[eim] [peint] ['meik p] [sei]
发音要领:
1.先发/a/音,然后滑向/i/音。舌尖抵住下齿。
2.发此音的关键是要把/a/音发足,注意从开到合的滑动。
常发这个音的字母是“i”和“y”,字母组合则有:“ey”、“ie”、“ui”、“uy”、“igh”、“eigh”等
high buy
/ai/
bike kite pineapple fine
[baik] [kait] ['pain pl] [fain]
tie fly sky cry
[tai] [flai] [skai] [tai]
[ ]
发音要领:
1.这是个双元音,由两个元音构成,第一个是/ /和 短音/i/.
2.发音时由第一个音向第二个音滑动,不到第二个音就结束。
常发这个音的是字母组合:“oi”和“oy”。
boy toy destroy noise oil spoil point
/ i/
boy toy joy voice
[b i] [t i] [d i] [v is]
oil coin boiling toilet
[ il] [k in] ['b ili ] ['t ilit]
发音要领:
1.由两个元音构成,第一个音是“短音”/ /,第二个音是“短乌音”/u/。
2. 发音时,先打开下颔骨,嘴唇略微呈圆形,口形较大,舌端离下齿,舌身放低后缩,舌后部微抬起,然后随着发音过程的变化口形收圆缩小,舌后部继续向后缩并抬起。
常发这个音的有字母“o”、字母组合“oa”、“ou”、“ow”、“ew”以及“ough”等
no go home those hello zero
goat boat bow
/ u /
go no rose phone
[g u] [n u] [r uz] [f un]
coat cold road gold medal
[k ut] [k uld] [r ud] [g uld, 'medl]
ou: house out south cloud house
proud loud mouse round about
mouth
ow flower down now cow how town
发音要领:
发音时,由/a/滑向/u/,结束时双唇收圆稍向前突。
[au]
/au/
Cow house mouse mouth
[kau] [haus] [maus] [mauθ]
cloud mountain sound town
[claud] ['mauntin] [saund] [taun]
eer: beer deer
ear: ear dear near
ere: here
ea: idea
[i ]
发音要领:
是双唇张开,从/i/音滑向/ /音。前面的/i/发得较清楚,
后面的/ /或较弱。双唇始终半开。此音一定要发足。
舌抵下齿逐渐过渡为上卷,从“一”音过渡到“厄”。
/i /
ear tears fear hear
[i ] [ti ] [fi ] [hi ]
deer beer cheer theatre
[di ] [bi ] [t i ] ['θi t ]
发音要领:
由/e/向/ /滑动,舌身稍向后 缩,口型由半开变为扁平。
ear: pear bear
air: chair air fair hair pair
are: care hare
ere: there where cheer
[ ]
/e /
air pear chair bear
[ ] [p ] [t ] [b ]
Stair stare dairy hair-care
[st ] [st ] ['d ri] [h ,k ]
[u ]
发音要领:
发音时,嘴唇从收圆到半开。发好这个音的关键是首先要把/u/音发足,然后滑向/ /音。
oor: poor
ure: sure sure pure
/u /
poor boor moor tour
[pu ] [bu ] [mu ] [tu ]
Today is cold.
Rose is in the boat.
She wants to have a coat.
Put on your coat.
You know you have a cold.
Read together
一、音节:音节是读音的基本单位,任何单词的读音,
都是分解为一个个音节朗读。
在英语中元音特别响亮,一个元音可构成一个音节,
一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节。
一般说来,元音可以构成音节,辅音不响亮,不能构成音节。
但英语辅音字母中有 4 个辅音[m],[n],[ng],[l]是响音,
它们和辅音音素结合,也可构成音节。
它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾,一般是非重读音节。
英语的词有一个音节的,两个音节的,多个音节的,
一个音节叫单音节,两个音节叫双音节,三个音节以上叫多音节。
如:take 拿,ta'ble 桌子, pop`ula'tion 人口,
congrat`ula'tion 祝贺。tel'ecommu`nica'tion 电讯
什么是音节?
划分音节的方法:元音是构成音节的主体,
辅音是音节的分界线。
两辅音之间不管有多少个元音,一般都是一个音节。
如:bed 床,bet 打赌,seat 坐位,beat 毒打,
beaut 极好的 beau'ty 美。
两元音字母之间有一个辅音字母时,辅音字母
归后一音节,如:stu'dent 学生,la'bour 劳动。
有两个辅音字母时,一个辅音字母归前一音节,
一个归后一音节,如:let'ter 信,win'ter 冬天。
不能拆分的字母组合按字母组合划分音节。
如:fa'ther 父亲,tea'cher 教师。
1)音节按读音可以分为开音节和闭音节
开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节
(1) 绝对开音节:是指一个元音字母后面没有
辅音字母而构成的音节,例如:we, hi, yo-yo
(2) 相对开音节:是指一个元音字母后面有一个
辅音字母(除r)之外,最后是一个不发音的e构成的音节,
如:take, make
在开音节中,这个元音字母发“字母”本身音,
例如hi|hai|, use|ju:z|
(3) 闭音节:指元音字母后面有辅音字母(辅音字母r除外)
构成的音节,如:leg, cross
2)音节按重读可以分为重读音节和非重读音节
重读音节: 指在双音节或多音节词中有一个发音
特别响亮的音节,叫重读音节,用重音符号“`”标于
相应位置,其他音节为非重读音节,如begin |be5gin|,
单音节词作重读处理,但不标重音符号。
Aa 在开音节中 [ei] 在闭音节中 [ ]
cake face
name make
place take
snake grape
baby potato
[ei]
pants map
at cap
can many
has black
splash salad
[ ]
读一读,找出划线部分发音不同的单词。
( ) 1、many cap potato
( ) 2、plate have lamb
( ) 3、water rabbit washroom
( ) 4、tomato tasty splash
( ) 5、and cat want
A B C
Ee
[i:]
[e]
[i:]
Ee 在开音节中 [i:] 在闭音节中 [e]
we me
she knee
tree sheep
three canteen
These Chinese
[i:]
[e]
leg egg
bed desk
pen elephant
get seven
yes eleven
读一读,找出划线部分发音不同的单词。
( ) 1、twelve hen fleece
( ) 2、feet geese smelly
( ) 3、me elephant twenty
( ) 4、these fifteen tender
( ) 5、let help sheep
A B C
Ii
[ai]
[i]
[ai]
Ii 在开音节中 [ai] 在闭音节中 [i]
white rice
write ice
like nice
time ride
[ai]
milk minute
fish window
fit rabbit
is music
his fifteen
[i]
读一读,找出划线部分发音不同的单词。
( ) 1、slippers nice kite
( ) 2、in wiggle ice
( ) 3、pink expensive five
( ) 4、time chicken kitchen
( ) 5、dinner rice drink
A B C
Oo
[ u]
[ ]
[ u]
Oo 在开音节中[ u] 在闭音节中 [ D ]
c
Coke those hold OK
over so
go potato
tomato photo
[ u]
socks not
of hot
sorry tock donkey long off stop
[ ]
c
读一读,找出划线部分发音不同的单词。
( ) 1、hope Coke clock
( ) 2、so go tomato
( ) 3、those socks off
( ) 4、hold lock cold
( ) 5、on OK fold
A B C
Uu
[ju:]
[ ]
[ju:]
v
Uu 在开音节中 [ju:] 在闭音节中 [∧]
use music
tube computer
cute cucumber
unite student
[ju:]
sunny lunch duck but
jump fun
run hundred
much just
[ ]
v
读一读,找出划线部分发音不同的单词。
( ) 1、lunch cup blue
( ) 2、fun music computer
( ) 3、hurry minute run
( ) 4、cut put hurray
( ) 5、tube use cucumber
A B C
1.hate
憎恨
2.mat
草席
8.hope
希望
7.hop
单足跳
6.suck
吸
5.hike
远足
9.kit
用具包
4.slit
撕开
3.mate
伙伴
Let's read together.
a字母组合
al
ay
ar
air
ass
a-字母组合的发音
ai ay al ar air are au aw
ai
/
rain wait straight train paint again Brain
/
certain
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. rain B. Britain C. wait D. straight
( ) 2. A. certain B. train C. paint D. again
( ) 3. A. rain B. captain C. again D. staight
( ) 4. A. rainy B. afraid C. tail D. certain
( )5. A. certain B. wait C. rain D. tail
( )6. A.Britain B.certain C. captain D. paint
ay
/ei/
day may way stay birthday
/i/
Monday holiday
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1. A. day B. may C. way D. Monday
( ) 2. A. birthday B. stay C. holiday D. may
( ) 3. A. .Sunday B. Tuesday C. Friday D. day
( ) 4. A. birthday B. stay C. Saturday D.way
( )5. A. Monday B. Wednesday C. holiday D.may
( )6. A. .say B. stay C. way D.Monday
al
/ :/
Talk walk ball call
almost already also always
/a:/
half
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. talk B. walk C. ball D. almost
( ) 2. A. half B. already C. also D. always
( ) 3. A. all B. fall C. hall D.also
( ) 4. A. almost B. wall C. walk D.tall
( )5. A. already B. also C. almost D. half
ar
arm art car card park hard star dark
/a:/
War warm quarter
/e/
parent Mary dollar
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. arm B. art C. car D. war
( ) 2. A. warm B. quarter C. hard D.war
( ) 3. A. .parent b. . dark c. star D. art
( ) 4. A. park b. .hard c. dollar D.card
( )5. A. dark b. star c. Mary D.car
air
air fair hair pair
are
care hare careful square
aw
draw saw law
au
Autumn daughter taught
because
/a:/
laugh aunt
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. autumn B. laugh C. daughter D. taught
( ) 2. A.daughter B. taught C. aunt D. because
( ) 3. A.taught B. laugh C. autumn D. because
( ) 4. A. award B. taught C. because D. aunt
( )5. A. laugh B. August C. aunt
ea
ea
ee
ea
er
ear
ea
ear
ere
er
e字母组合
1
4
5
10
9
8
6
2
3
7
e-字母组合的发音
ea ee ei ey er ew ear
eer ere eir
ea
tea leave cheap meat
head weather bread
/ ei /
break great
idea real
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1. A. tea B. leave C. head D. cheap
( ) 2. A. head B. weather C. meat D. bread
( ) 3. A. break B. tea C. cheap D. meat
( ) 4. A. bread B. idea C. weather D. head
( ) 5. A. great B. leave C. meat D .tea
( )6. A. head B.real C. weather D .bread
ee
meet see need teeth week
ei
eight weight neighbour
either neither
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. eight B. weigh C. either D . neighbour
( ) 2. A. neither B. eight C. weigh D. neighbour
ey
They grey
key
/i/
Monkey
er
her certain
worker driver teacher
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1. A. her B. worker C. Driver D. teacher
( ) 2. A. worker B. driver C. certain D. teacher
ew
grew flew threw blew
few new knew
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. grew B. flew C. few D. threw
( ) 2. A. blew B. few C new D. knew
( ) 3. A. . few b. . threw c. new D. knew
( ) 4. A. threw b. . flew c. new D.grew
( )5. A. threw b. few c. new D .knew
eer
deer cheer pioneer
eir
their
ere
here
There where
ear
ear hear near dear year clear
bear pear
early earth heard
/a:
heart
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. ear B. hear C. bear D. near
( ) 2. A. pear B. early C. earth D. heard
( ) 3. A. heart B. dear C. year D. clear
( ) 4. A. hear B. near C. heard D. clear
( )5. A. early B. heart C. earth D. heard
igh
i字母组合
ir
1
2
i-字母组合的发音
ie ir ire
ie
piece believe
lie tie pie
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( )1. A. piece B. lie C. tie D. pie
( )2. A. lie B. tie C.believe D. pie
ir
girl bird birth sir skirt shirt
fire tire tired
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( )1.A. girl B. bird C. tire D. birth
( )2. A. fire B. shirt C.skirt D. sir
( )3. A.tired B.sir C.birth D. bird
( )4.A. sir B. shirt C. girl D. tired
( )5. A. tire B. bird C. birth D. shirt
o字母组合
10
9
8
1
4
5
6
2
3
7
11
12
13
oy
ou
ow
ow
oa
or
our
ou
oo
oor
or
ong
oo
o-字母组合的发音
oa oo ou ow oi oy or
Ore oor our
oa
boat coat goat loaf
oo
food cool room moon
cook book foot wood
took
blood flood
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
)1. A. cook B. book C. room D. foot
( )2. A. took B. Wood C.cool D. took
( )3. A.food B. cool C.foot D. moon
( )4. A. moon B. room C. blood D. cool
( )5. A. flood B. cook C. book D. foot
( )6. A. wood B. took C. blood D. foot
ou
round about mouse house
blouse south loud cloud
thought
/u:/
group through
enough trouble country cousin
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( )1. A. round B. about C. thought D. mouse
( )2. A. house B. blouse C.south D. group
( )3. A.enough B.trouble C.country D. through
( )4. A. loud B. cloud C. group D. round
( )5. A. through B. house C. mouse D. blouse
( )6. A. cousin B. country C. thought D. enough
ou
cough
Should would could
though soul
famous delicious
oy
boy toy joy enjoy
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
A. cough B. should C. would D. could
A. should B. though C.would D. could
A.would B.soul C.could D. should
A. famous B. enough C. trouble D. country
A. delicious B. loud C. about D. mouse
A. would B. cloud C. loud D. south
ow
bowl slow snow know show
now how cow town brown
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
A. bowl B. slow C. now D. snow
A. now B. how C.know D. cow
A.brown B.town C.cow D. own
A. show B. know C. town D. bowl
A. own B. snow C. cow D. know
A. slow B.town C. brown D. how
oi
join coin noisy voice
north story sport morning corn
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
A. join B. coin C. noisy D. north
A. north B. story C. doctor D. sport
A.morning B.corn C.tractor D. sport
A. actor B. north C. corn D. morning
A. coin B. corn C. story D. north
oor
poor
door
ore
store more
our
our hour sour
course court
colour neighbour
ur
u字母组合
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
A. our B. hour C. court D. sour
A. course B. our C. hour D. sour
A.colour B.our C.hour D. sour
A. neighbour B. our C. hour D. sour
u-字母组合的发音
ua ui uy ur ure
ua
ui
uy
ur
ure
usual January February
sure
turn purple
Surprise hamburger
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
A. usual B. January C. fruit D. February
A. build B. usual C.January D. February
A.buy B.usual C.February D. January
A. turn B. usual C. February D.January
辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音规则总结
字母组合ble:
读[bl] 如:'able,'table,'possible,
字母c:
通常情况下,读[k] 如:cap,cup,cold,clothes,
在e,i,y之前,读[s] 如:nice,'city,'bicycle,
也有少数读[∫]如:'ocean,'special,'precious,
字母组合ch:
通常情况下,读[t∫]如:teach,child,change,chair,
也有少数读[k] 如:school,'chemical,'headache,
字母组合ck:
读[k] 如:'quickly,cock,back,pick.
字母组合cle:
读[kl] 如:' uncle,'circle,'bicycle,
字母组合deg:
读[d3] 如:bridge,judge,'knowledge,
字母g:
通常情况下,读[g] 如:get,big,game,bag,
有时,在e,i,y之前,读[d3] 如:'danger,'energy,engi'neer.
字母组合ge:
在词尾时读:[d3] 如:age,change,'village,huge,
字母组合gh:
在词尾时读[f] 如:langh,cough,e'nough
有时读不发音,如:light,thought,caught
字母组合gn:
读[n],如:sign,de'sign,cam'paign,
字母j:
通常情况下,读[d3] 如:job,'july,jar,just.
字母组合kn:
读[n] 如:know,knife,knee,knit,
字母n:
通常情况下,读[n] 如:not,kind,line,son.
在g,k之前,或在[k]音之前,读[η] 如:sing,young,wrong,
也有少数读:[ηg] 如:'english,'england,'language,
字母组合nk:
读[ηk] 如:tank,ink,think,bank,
字母组合ph:
读[f] 如:'photo,'telephone,'physics.
字母组合ple:
在词尾读[pl] 如:'apple,'people,ex'ample.
字母组合qu:
读[kw] 如:quick,'quiet,'question,
字母s:
在清辅音后,读[s] 如:works,stops,books,roofs.
在浊辅音后,读[z] 如:boys,years,'teachers,songs,
字母组合sc:
在e,i之前,读[s] 如:'science,scent,'scissor,
字母组合sh:
读[∫] 如:fish,she,wash,sheep,
字母组个sion:
在词尾元音之后,读[3n] 如:con'clusion,in'vasion,
字母组合ssion:
在词尾读[∫n] 如:ex'pression,dis'cussion,
字母组合stle:
在词尾读[sl] 如:'castle,' whistle,'rustle,
字母组合tal:
在词尾读[tl] 如:'capital,'hospital,
字母组合tain:
在词尾读[tn] 如:'britain,'certain,
字母组合th:
在虚词,或一部分代词中,读[e] 如:with,the,they,then,
在实词中,读[θ] 如:three,bath,think,youth,
字母组合tion:
读[∫n] 如:'nation,'station,'dictionary,
字母组合tle:
在词尾读[tl] 如:'gentle,'battle,'bottle,
字母组合ture:
读[t∫ε] 如:'picture,'nature,'mixture,
字母组合tch:
读[t∫] 如:catch,watch,'kitehen,
字母组合wh:
通常情况下,读[w] 如:when,white,wheat,where,
在o之前,读[h] 如:who,whose,whole,whom,
字母组合wr:
读 如:write,wrong,wrist,
字母x:
在词尾,或在清辅音之前,读[ks] 如:six,box,text,'exercise,
在两个元音之间,而重音在后一个元音上时,
读[gz] 如:e'xam,e'xample,e'xactly.
字母y:
在词首读[j] 如:yes,yet,year,your.
There is a little bee.
Coming from the apple tree.
Flying in the flowers.
And can’t see me.
01
The brown cow is out now.
Bark.Bark.Bark.
The dog is barking after the car.
Look.This is little John.
Goes to bed with his trousers on.
One shoe off and one shoe on.
Look.This is little John.
1. The baby and the lady are playing by the lake.
2. The four tall reporter are talking about sports.
3. I like the toy bear.I often brush its hair.
I have a pear near the chair.
4.Today is cold.Don’t forget to put on your coat.You
can go to school by boat.
5.Kate often makes birthday cakes on holiday. 6.David is saying”Maybe Kate can’t skate.”
7.The ugly man has one hundred ducks.
8.The farmer has a large farm and a car.
9.After art class we put down sunglasses and sit on the grass.
10.Miss Mo, She’s tall.She has a dog, it’s small.She likes walking and riding a horse.
1. The baby and the lady are playing by the lake.
2. The four tall reporter are talking about sports.
3. I like the toy bear.I often brush its hair.
I have a pear near the chair.
4.Today is cold.Don’t forget to put on your coat.You
can go to school by boat.
5.Kate often makes birthday cakes on holiday. 6.David is saying”Maybe Kate can’t skate.”
1. 弱读
2. 略读
3. 缩读
4. 连读
5. 同化
6. 叠合
⒎ 失爆
发音规则
单词读音的弱化现象
①and / nd/ →/ nd/,/ n/,/n/
②of /Λv/ →/ v/
③can /k n/ → /k n/
1.弱读
a from sir
am had some
an has than
and have that
are he the
as her/him them
at is there
be me till
been must to
but not us
can of was
do or were
does shall will
for should you
1.最常见弱读单词
⑴ a / e / → / /
⑵ am / m/ → / m/, / m /
⑶ an / n/ → / n/
⑷ and / nd/ → / nd/, / n/, /n/
⑸ are / ar / → / r /, / /( r )
⑹ as / z/ → / z/
⑺ at / t/ → / t/
⑻ be /bi/ → /bI/
⑼ been /bin/ → /bIn/
⑽ but /bΛt/ → /b t/
⑾ can /k n/ → /k n/
⑿ do /du/ → /dU/
⒀ does /dΛz/ → /d z/
⒁ for /fっr/ → /f /
1.最常见弱读单词
⑴ from /fram/ → /fr m/
⑵ had /h d/ → /h d/
⑶ has /h z/ → /h z/
⑷ have /h v/ → /h v/
⑸ he / hi / → / hI /
⑹ her / h :r / → /h /,/ /
⑺ is /Iz/ → /z /
⑻ me /mi/ → /mI/
⑼ must /mΛst/ →/m st/
⑽ not /nat/ → / nt /
⑾ of /Λv/ → / v/
⑿ or /っr/ → / /
⒀ shall / l/ → / l/, / l/
⒁ should / Ud/ → / d/
1.最常见弱读单词
⑴ sir /s :r / → /s /
⑵ some /sΛm/ → /s m/
⑶ than / n/ → / n/
⑷ that / t/ → / t/
⑸ the / i / → / I /
⑹ them / m/ → / m/
⑺ there / r/ → / /
⑻ till /tIl/ → / tl /
⑼ to / tu / → /t /
⑽ us /Λs/ → / s/
⑾ was /waz/ → /w z/
⑿ were /w :r / → /w /, /w /
⒀ will /wIl/ → /l/
⒁ you /ju/ → /j /
1.最常见弱读单词
01
单词读音的弱化现象
02
Ex: ①and ②of ③to ④for
03
been ⑥he
1.弱读
★单词读音的省略现象
⑴ because →’cause, coz /k z/
⑵ goodbye → g’bye / g’bai /
⑶ goodnight→g’night / g’nait /
⑷ probably →prob’ly /prɑblI/
⑸ had better →better
⑹ How are you doing →How you doing.
2. 略读
两个或两个以上单词读音的合并现象.
① They have→They’ve;
② He is →He’s
③ are not →aren’t
④ want to→wanna
⑤ out of → outta
3. 缩读
⑴are you →ya ☆Where ya going
⑵does she →dushi ☆Dushi speak English
⑶don’t know →dunno ☆I dunno him.
⑷give me →gimme ☆Gimme that.
⑸going to →gonna ☆I’m gonna help him.
⑹have got to →gotta ☆I gotta help him.
⑺in front of →in fronna ☆He’s in fronna the house.
⑻out of → outta ☆ Get outta here.
⑼want to →wanna ☆ I wanna go home.
⑽what are you →Wachya/ wacha ☆Wachya/ wacha doing
⑾ sort of →sorta ; kind of →kinda
3. 最常见缩读词组总结
1. 辅音与元音之间的连读
2.元音与元音之间的连读
4.连读
⑴. 一般情况下,在同一意群中的两个词, 前者以辅音结尾,后者以元音开头, 这两个音就可以连 起来读,称为“连读”。
1.辅音与元音之间的连读
★特殊连读---一箭双雕
⑴/r/ a number of , for instance ;
⑵/n/ in an hour , on a sunny day;
⑶/l/ fall on sleep, all of a sudden
1.辅音与元音之间的连读
在元音之间插入[j]或[w], 从而使纯元音音节之间的过渡变得自然、流畅,读起来更加上口。
2.元音对元音的连读
★ ⑴ 前面的单词以元音[ei]或[i]或[ai]结尾,紧随其后的单词以元音开头,这时,在两个单词之间出现[j]作为过渡。
①day in and day out ; ②Can you see it(try it)
★ ⑵前面的单词以[u]或[o]或[au]结尾,紧随其后的单词以元音开头,这时,在两个单词之间出现[w]作为过渡。
① Can you do it ② Go away ③How are you doing
2.元音对元音的连读
★ ⑴ 前面的单词以元音[ei]或[i]或[ai]结尾,紧随其后的单词以元音开头,这时,在两个单词之间出现[j]作为过渡
① say it
②stay up
③very interesting
④she is
⑤copy it
⑥he and she
★ ⑵前面的单词以[u]或[o]或[au]结尾,紧随其后的单词以元音开头,这时,在两个单词之间出现[w]作为过渡。
①go out
②go away
③flew out
④who else
⑤how old
⑥so angry
①We’ll miss you.
② God bless you .
③Kiss you goodbye.
⑶/s/+/j/ → / /
①Nice to meet you
②Fit you well
③Last year
⑴/t/+/j/--/t /
①We need you.
②Would you please sit down
③Hide yourself.
⑵/d/+/j/ → / /
★/ t / / d / / s / / z / + / j / → 读音合并
⑴/t/+/j/ → /t /
⑵/d/+/j/ → / /
⑶/s/+/j/ → / /
⑷/z/+/j/ → / /
5. 同化
★句子中能表达独立完整意思的词语
⑴ take on a bag of apples
⑵ find out a cup of tea
⑶ get off a line of cars
⑷ take it out of it
①Here’s your ticket
②Close your eyes.
③As you wish
⑷/z/+/j/ → / /
即前面单词结尾辅音与紧随其后的单词的起始辅音为同一个音时,只需读一次,而不必将这个音读两次。
ex: next time, some money, hot tea
bad dog, book case, part time job
6.叠合
失去爆破:顾名思义,指爆破音失去爆破。发生的条件如下:当前面的单词以/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/这六个爆破音中的任何一个结尾,而紧随其后的单词是以辅音开头的,这时前面单词中的爆破音失去爆破。读法是在发爆破音时只阻塞气流却不将之释放.
7.失爆
英语音标教学研讨课程 unit 1
语音的重要性:
英语学习的最终目的是交际,而交际是通过口语来进行的,语音在此过程中起着至关重要的作用。语言有三要素:语音、语法、和词汇,其中语音是语言的基础。只有学好发音,才能听懂人家说的话,才能对所学的材料以正确的形式在脑子里储存下来,以正确的形式使它重现,从而加强对语言的感受,最有效地掌握语法和词汇,提高实际使用的能力。
英语音标教学研讨课程 unit 1
发音器官图
1.上唇 9.舌端
2.下唇 10.舌前部
3.上齿 11.舌后部
4.下齿 12.猴头
5.上齿龈 13.声带位置
6.硬腭 14.气管
7.软腭 15.咽喉
8.小舌 16.口腔
17.鼻腔
什么是音标?
音标就是记录音素的符号,是音素的标写符号。
它的制定原则是:一个音素只用一个音标表示,
一个音标只表示一个音素。
元音(20个)
长元音 /ɑ:/ / :/ / :/ /i:/ /U:/
短元音 / / / / / / / / / / /e/ / /
双元音 /e // //a //a // // //e // /
辅音(28个)
轻辅音 /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / / /z/
轻辅音 / / / h/ /ts/ /t / /tr/
浊辅音 / / / r/ /dz/ /d / /dr/
鼻音 /m/ /n/ / /
半元音 / j/ / w/ 边音 / /
填空.
1.国际音标有--------个,它们按发音时气流是否受到阻碍分为
两类------------和----------。
2.其中辅音又可按声带的震动分为--------和--------。
3.元音按其个数分为-------------和--------------。
4.单元音根据其发音时舌位的不同分为---------,---------,---------。
把下列音标按照元音和辅音归类
/ / / / /t / / / /a /
/θ/ / / /a / / / /tr/
/g/ / / /U:/ / j/ / /
元音
辅音
26个英文字母及发音音标
A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:]
D d [di:] E e [i:] F f [ef]
G g [d3i:] H h [eit∫] I i [ai]
J j [d3ei] K k [kei] L l [el]
M m [em] N n [en] O o [3u]
P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:]
S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:]
V v [vi:] W w [′d∧blju:] X x [eks]
Y y [wai] Z z [zi:][zed]
英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音标: [ei] [eit∫] [d3ei] [kei]
2)含元音音素[i:]
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d3i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3)含元音音素[e]
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4)含元音音素[ju:]
字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:]
5)含元音音素[ai]
字母: Ii Yy
音标: [ai] [wai]
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音标: [ei] [eit∫] [d3ei] [kei]
2)含元音音素[i:]
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d3i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3)含元音音素[e]
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4)含元音音素[ju:]
字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:]
5)含元音音素[ai]
字母: Ii Yy
音标: [ai] [wai]
找出所含音素不同的一项
1.A a B b C c G g
2.D d E e F f V v
3.G g H h J j K k
4.L l M m N n O o
5.Q q Y y U u W w
写出英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.
1)含元音音素____________
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音标: [ei] [eit∫] [d3ei] [kei]
2)含元音音素____________
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d3i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3)含元音音素______________
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4)含元音音素_________
字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:]
5)含元音音素____________
字母: Ii Yy
音标: [ai] [wai]
写出含有共同的元音音素的字母
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母:
音标: [ei] [eit∫] [d3ei] [kei]
2)含元音音素[i:]
字母:
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d3i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3)含元音音素[e]
字母:
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4)含元音音素[ju:]
字母:
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:]
5)含元音音素[ai]
字母:
音标: [ai] [wai]
写出英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.
1)含元音音素____________
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
2)含元音音素____________
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
3)含元音音素______________
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
4)含元音音素_________
字母: Uu Qq Ww
5)含元音音素____________
字母: Ii Yy
英语一些含有共同的元音音素的字母和音标.
1)含元音音素[ei]
字母:
音标:
2)含元音音素[i:]
字母:
音标:
3)含元音音素[e]
字母:
音标:
4)含元音音素[ju:]
字母:
音标:
5)含元音音素[ai]
字母:
音标:
爆破音 [p] [b]
发音方法描述:
双唇闭紧,气流突然冲开双唇,冲出口腔。是清辅音,声带不振动。是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[p]
pen pencil panda pink
[pen] ['pensl] ['p nd ] [pi k]
play popcorn park plane
[plei] ['p pk :n] [pɑ:k] [plein]
book ball black banana banana
[buk] [b :l] [bl k] [b 'nɑ:n ] [b 'nɑ:n ]
boat bread bike bus
[b ut] [bred] [baik] [b s]
/b/
pen pencil panda pink
book ball black banana
play popcorn park plane
boat bread bike bus
读出下列单词
连线(将单词与对应的读音连接起来)
Pen [pen]
pencil [b :l]
panda ['pensl]
pink ['p pk :n]
book [plei]
ball [bred]
black [b 'nɑ:n ]
banana ['p nd ]
bus
bread [bl k]
play [buk]
popcorn [b ut]
park [plein]
plane [pɑ:k]
bike [pi k]
boat [b s]
看图写单词
看单词把音标补全
pen [__en] banana [__ 'nɑ:n ]
pencil ['__ensl] panda ['__ nd ]
pink [__i k] bread [__red]
black [__l k] popcorn ['__ __k :n]
Play [plei] boat [b ut]
[t] [d]
发音方法描述:
舌尖紧抵上齿龈,形成阻碍,然后突然分开,气流冲出口腔。[t]是清辅音,
声带不振动,[d]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[t]
time tiger two tea
[taim] ['taig ] [tu:] [ti:]
tip ten talk boot
[tip] [ten] [t :k] [bu:t]
/d/
dog doll duck deer
[d g] [d l] [d k] [di ]
dig doctor door desk
[dig] ['d kt ] [d : ] [desk]
dig doctor door desk
[dig] [‘d kt ] [d : ] [desk]
time tiger two
Tea tip ten
talk boot dog
doll duck deer
dig doctor door
desk
读出下列单词
time
tiger
two
tea
tip
ten
talk
boot
dog
doll
duck
deer
dig
doctor
door
desk
[taim]
['taig ]
[tu:]
[ti:]
[dig]
[desk]
[tip]
[ten]
[bu:t]
[‘d kt ]
[d : ]
[desk]
[t :k]
[bu:t]
[d g]
[d l]
[d k]
[di ]
看图写单词
[k] [g]
发音方法描述:
舌后部抬起,紧贴软腭,形成阻碍。气流冲开阻碍后冲出口腔。[k]是清辅音,声带不振动,[g]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[k] book 书,like 喜欢,key钥匙 kind好心的
koala树熊 cat猫 back后面
[g] egg 蛋,garden花园 good好的 guess猜
agree同意 dog狗
/k/
Kill clock look milk
[kil] [kl k] [luk] [milk]
kiss cow key lock
[kis] [kau] [ki:] [l k]
/g/
看图说词
bag girl good game
[b g] [g :l] [gud] [geim]
gift egg pig flag
[gift] [eg] [pig] [fl g]
读出下列单词
Kill clock look milk
kiss cow key lock
bag girl good game
gift egg pig flag
看图写单词
摩擦音
[f] [v]
发音方法描述:
下唇轻触上齿,气流由唇齿问的缝隙通过,摩擦成音。[f]是清辅音,声带不
振动,[v]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[f] fly放飞, far 远的, wife妻子 laugh 笑,
feel感觉 floor地板 awful可怕的 dolphin海豚
[v] village 村庄,live 居住,over 结束,vacation假期 arrive到达 avenue大街 give给
/f/
flower frog four five
['flau ] [fr g] [f :] [faiv]
food first foot read
[fu:d] [f :st] [fut] [ri:d]
/v/
eleven seven van love
[i'lev n] ['sev n] [v n] [l v]
visit voice vest victory
['vizit] [v is] [vest] ['vikt ri]
[θ] [ ]
发音方法描述:
舌尖轻触上齿背部,气流从舌齿问的缝隙送出。 [θ]是清辅音,声带不振动。 [ ]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[θ] think想 thank thief贼 thin薄的
fourth第四 birth出生 their他们的
[ ] this这个 that那个 rather相当
those那些,smooth
/θ/
thirteen tooth thirty thread
[θ :'ti:n] [tu:θ] ['θ :ti] [θred]
three mouth month north
[θri:] [mauθ] [m nθ] [n :θ]
/ /
father mother brother together
['fɑ: ] ['m ] ['br ] [t 'ge ]
weather clothe feather
['we ] [kl u ] ['fe ]
[s] [z]
发音方法描述:
舌端靠近上齿龈,气流从舌端和齿龈间通过,形成摩擦音。[s]是清辅音,声带不振动, [z]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[s] pencil 铅笔, dress 女服, sit坐 size大小
soap肥皂 person人 visit拜访
[z] zoo动物园 use使用 cheese奶酪
/s/
six snow sun summer
[siks] [sn u] [s n] ['s m ]
sit smell sister sing
[sit] [smel] ['sist ] [si ]
/z/
zebra zoo nose zip
['zibr ] [zu:] [n uz] [zip]
zero rose zigzag praise
['zi r u] [r uz] ['zigz g] [preiz]
[ ] [ ]
发音方法描述:
舌身抬起靠近硬腭,舌端抬向上齿龈,形成狭长通道,气流由此通过,双唇稍微收圆并略突出。 [ ] 是清辅音,声带不振动,
[ ]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[ ] she她 sheep 绵羊,wish 希望, Asia亚洲 delicious可口的 vacation假期 short短的
[ ] decision决定garage汽修厂vision视野, pleasure
/ /
fish wash sheep shoe
[fi ] [w ] [ i:p] [ u:]
push shop shirt brush
[pu ] [ p] [ :t] [br ]
/ /
television garage treasure
['telivi n] ['g rɑ:(d) ] ['tre ]
measure pleasure decision
['me ] ['ple ] [di'si n]
[h]
发音方法描述:
发音时口张开,在通过声门时发出轻微摩擦,气流经过口腔时不受阻碍。[h]是清辅音,声带不振动。
例词:
he他 her,how hear听见 hair头发
hall大厅 heavy重的 height高度
hobby嗜好house房子 humid潮湿的
/h/
house horse hamburger head
[haus] [h :s] ['h mb :g ] [hed]
hand hair hat hen
[h nd] [h ] [h t] [hen]
[r]
发音方法描述:
舌尖卷起,抬向上齿龈后部,但不发生摩擦,舌两侧稍收拢,口形略突出,气流通过时发出轻微摩擦,[r]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
rain下雨 read读 relax放松 reporter记者
ride乘 rule规则 right往右
remember记住 relationship关系
/r/
red rocket rain ruler
[red] ['r kit] [rein] ['ru:l ]
rubber run rooster robber
['r b ] [r n] ['ru:st ] ['r b ]
[t ] [d ]
发音方法描述:
舌尖舌端抬高,贴住上齿龈后部形成阻碍,气流冲出阻碍摩擦成音。口形稍突出,略成方形。[t ]是清辅音,声带不振动,[d ] 是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[t ] child 小孩,check 检查,reach 到达, teach 教书,catch 抓住,cheese奶酪 channel频道change变化 culture文化
[d ] page页,jazz爵士乐 Egypt埃及 exchange交换 joke笑话 juice果汁
/t /
chick matches cheese teach
[t ik] [m t s] [t i:z] [ti:t ]
check chair cherry watch
[t ek] [t ] ['t eri] [w t ]
/d /
age jeans jeep soldier
[eid ] [d i:nz] [d i:p] ['s uld ]
message jet jacket junk
['mesid ] [d et] ['d kit] [d k]
[tr] [dr]
发音方法描述:
舌尖向上卷起,并抵住上齿龈后部,气流冲出舌尖和齿龈之问的阻碍,双唇收圆,稍向前突出。[tr]是清辅音,声带不振动,[dr]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[tr] country国家 true真实的 tree树
street街道
[dr] draw画 address地址 dry干的 dream 梦想, drive 开车 drink饮料
/tr/
tree try truck train
[tri:] [trai] [tr k] [trein]
trick track trap travel
[trik] [tr k] [tr p] ['tr vl]
/dr/
drink drive dragon dress
[dri k] [draiv] ['dr g n] [dres]
drop drawing drum drug
[dr p] ['dr :i ] [dr m] [dr g]
[ts] [tz]
发音方法描述:
舌端贴住上齿龈,形成阻碍,气流冲破阻碍,口形扁平。[ts]是清辅音,声带不振动,[dz]是浊辅音,声带振动。
例词:
[ts] coats 大衣,gets 获得,wants想要
rests休息 tests测验 units单元
[tz] reads 读, ads广告 rides骑
friends朋友 kinds种类
/ts/
cats hats rats
[k ts] [h ts] [r ts]
friends hands beds
[frendz] [h ndz] [bedz]
/dz/
[m]
发音方法描述:
双唇紧闭,软腭下垂,气流从鼻腔送出。在词末时,须略延长,以防止吞音。
例词:
me我 my我的, come 来, tomorrow 明天,
map地图 amazing令人惊异的
remember 记住 time时间 Moscow莫斯科
exam考试 form表格
/m/
money monkey map man
['m ni] ['m ki] [m p] [m n]
medal microscope Mickey mum
['medl] ['maikr sk p] ['miki] [m m]
[n]
发音方法描述:
舌尖紧贴上齿龈,软腭下垂,形成阻碍,气流由鼻腔送出。在词末时,须略延长,以防止吞音。
例词:
brown棕色的 sun太阳
rain下雨 winter冬天 champion冠军
own自己的 mind在乎
/n/
moon nine notebook nurse
[mu:n] [nain] ['n tb k] [n :s]
Ninety spoon nail necklace
['nainti] [spu:n] [neil] ['neklis]
[ ]
方法描述:
软腭下垂,舌后部向软腭抬起,堵住口腔通道,气流从鼻腔送出。词末时发音清晰有力,略微延长。
例词:
bank银行 song, long长的 sing唱歌
English英语 song歌曲 blank空的
painting绘画 singer歌手
shopping购物 think想
/ /
ping-pong finger sink ring
['pi p ] ['fi g ] [si k] [ri ]
King things wing spring
[ki ] [θi s] [wi ] [spri ]
[l], [l]
发音方法描述:
元音前读清晰[l],舌端抵上齿龈,气流从舌的一侧或两侧泄出;辅音前或词末发含糊[L],舌端也抵上齿龈,但是与清晰音相比,舌前部低,舌 后部高,发音略长。
例词:
low, close, long长的 left往左 lantern灯
like象 listing列表 all, sell, old老的
rule规则 false假的
school学校 silver银牌
/l/
leader lady left leaf
['li:d ] ['leidi] [left] [li:f]
luck lake lamb glasses
[luk] [leik] [l m] ['gla:siz]
[w]
发音方法描述:
舌后部向软腭抬起,舌位高,口形收圆并稍向前突出,发音短促,一经发出,立刻向后面的元音滑动,起辅音的作用。
例词:
we我们,week wait等候 walk走路 wallet钱包
wash洗 waiter服务员 week星期 winter冬天
win获胜 what什么
/w/
walk way watch wolf
[w :k] [wei] [w t ] [wulf]
wood wool weapon winter
[wud] [wul] ['wep n] ['wint ]
[j]
发音方法描述:舌前部尽量向硬腭抬
起,双唇平展,口微开,舌面和硬腭稍有摩擦,该半元音一经发出,立刻向后面的元音滑动,起辅音的作用。
例词:
yes是的 you你 yesterday 昨天 year年
unit单元 yet还 young年轻的 your你的
/j/
yes yacht music suit
[jes] [j t] ['mju:zik] [sju:t]
yard young yellow rose
[jɑ:d] [j ] ['jel u, r uz]
绕口令:
A big black bug bit a big black bear,
made the big black bear bleed blood.
大黑虫咬大黑熊,大黑熊流血了!
A laurel-crowned clown!
戴桂冠的小丑。
A noisy noise annoys an oyster.
嘈吵的噪音惹恼牡蛎。
A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.
一只老虎将领带系紧,清洁牠的尾巴。
Chop shops stock chops.
印章店备有印章。
Double bubble gum bubbles double.
双重的泡泡糖能吹双重的泡泡。
单元音:
长元音:/i:/ /ɑ:/ / :/ / :/ /U:/
短元音:/ / / / / / / / / / /e/ / /
/i:/
发音要领:
1、舌尖抵下齿,前舌尽量抬高。
2、嘴唇向两旁伸开,成扁平 。
e : we he she ,
ea : teacher speak please
ee : feel tree meet need
ie : piece
单元音:
/i:/
green free bee tea
[gri:n] [fri:] [bi:] [ti:]
knee meat teacher sea
[ni:] [mi:t] ['ti:t ] [si:]
/ /
发音要领:
1.舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,比/i:/要低。
2.嘴型扁平,牙床开得比/i:/宽。
3.可从/i:/出发,将小指尖放在上下齿之间,使下颚稍稍下垂,舌前部也随之稍稍下降。即可发出 / /
/i/
Disk kid six miss
[diski] [kid] [siks] [mis]
lip bill tip list
[lip] [bil] [tip] [list]
发音字母 : i y e ui u a
sit picture list mix fix pig big miss
minute
many twenty happy dictionary
Practice:
1.Please have a seat.
Seeing is believing.
2.I like coffee, I like tea,
I like Lingling skipping with me.
I slit a sheet, a sheet I slit.
Upon the slitted sheet, I sit.
我撕开了一张纸,那张纸给我撕开了。
在撕开了的纸上,我坐下了。
I wish you were a fish in my dish.
我巴不得你是我碟中的鱼。
/e/
发音要领
1、舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,比/i:/要低。
2、唇形中长,牙床开得比/i:/宽,上下齿间可容纳一个 食指。
/e/
telephone jet sell chess
['telif un] [d et] [sel] [t es]
best head left letter
[best] [hed] [ left] ['let ]
字母组合 ea e a (ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay)
head bread bed egg best
next any better lesson pen
Breakfast is ready.
Let’s get together again soon.
Well, let’s get everything ready!
Pen and pencil.
Pencil and pen.
Pen and pencil.
Say it again!
Let's read together.
/ /
发音要领:
1、舌尖抵下齿;舌前部稍抬高,舌位比/e/更低;
2、双唇平伸,成扁平形。张开牙床直至上下齿之间容纳食指和中指的宽度。
/ /
bat map back fat
[b t] [m p] [b k] [f t]
tank trap sad stamp
[t nk] [tr p] [s d] [st p]
发音字母 a
map hat fat bad mad
back man hand thank
I’m a cat, cat, cat
In a cap, cap, cap.
I’m a cat, cat, cat
in a hat, hat, hat.
中元音: / / / :/ / /
中元音发音要领:
1、舌尖抵住下齿,但不如发前元音时抵得那样紧。
2、舌面最高点在舌前部和舌后部之间。
3、不圆唇。
/ /
发音要领:
1、舌后部的靠前部分稍抬起,舌尖和舌端两侧触下齿,开口程度和/ /相似。双唇向两旁平伸。
2、从元音/ / 出发,将圆唇改为扁唇,即可发出此音。
u: up supper lunch fun cup bus
o: come mother dose brother love above
ou: trouble
oo: blood
/ /
sun gun cup supper
[s n] [g n] [k p] ['s p ]
up under shut jump
[ p] [' nd ] [ t] [d mp]
/ :/
发音要领:
1、舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起。。
2、牙床开得较狭窄,双唇和发/i:/时相似。
3、注意长度,不要发得太短。
ir: girl shirt skirt bird
ur; turn burn nurse turtle hurt
ear: learn earn heard
er; term her
or; work worm world
/ :/
Sir shirt first girl
[s : ] [ :t] [f :st] [g :l]
Work bird T-shirt birth
[w :k] [ b :d] ['ti:, :t] [b :θ]
/ /
发音要领:
1、舌身平放,舌中部略隆起。
2、牙床半开半合,唇形扁或中圆。
er: teacher remember player speaker farmer
or: doctor actor
ou: delicious dangerous
ar: dollar
o: together tomorrow today Washington polite
a: ago elephant banana Japan China
e: happen
/ /
summer winter marker letter
['s m ] ['wint ] ['mɑ:k ] ['let ]
worker numbers water drinker
['w :k ] ['n mb z] ['w :t ] ['dri k ]
Enough is enough ! Just shut up.
What’s up Nothing much.
Hurry up!
I love China.
China and America should always work together.
I have to work early tomorrow.
Words are not for hurting other people.
Let's read together.
后元音
/ɑ:/ / :/ / / /U:/ / /
后元音发音要领:
舌尖离开下齿,舌身后缩,舌后部向软腭抬起。除/ɑ:/用开扁唇外,其他双唇收圆。
发 /ɑ:/ / :/ /U:/ 时要注意长度,不要发得太短。
/ɑ:/
发音要领:1、舌尖离开下齿;口张大,舌身压低并后缩。
2、双唇呈扁型。
ar: arm art hard
a: fast last class father
Bark Bark Bark
The dog is barking after the car.
/a:/
shark artist park glass
[ ɑ:k] [ɑ:tist] [pɑ:k] [glɑ:s]
car card classmate glasses
[kɑ:] [kɑ:d] [klɑ:smeit] [glɑ:sis]
/ :/
发音要领:
1、舌尖离开下齿;舌后部抬得比/ /略高。压低并后缩。
2、双唇也收得更圆更小,并需用力向前突出。
3、注意长度不要发得太短。
al: small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
or:short more horse for forty sport story door floor caught daughter
au: autumn August bought warm
“[w]+ar” ,ar发 : warm war toward
/ :/
/ :/
walk talk four call
[w :k] [t :k] [f :] [k :]
sport pork corner order
[sp :t] [p :k] ['k :n ] [' :d ]
/ /
发音要领:
1、舌尖离开下齿;口张大,舌身压低并后缩。
2、双唇稍稍收圆。
3、可先发/ɑ:/音,然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩,双 唇稍稍收圆(不要突出),即可发出/ /。
o: hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss dollar
a: want wash watch
au: because
Bob Bob Bob
is an orange dog.
job hot clock block
[d b] [h t] [kl k] [bkl k]
mop pocket rock rocket
[m p] ['p kit] [r k] ['r kit]
/ /
/U:/
发音要领:
1、双唇比/ /收得更圆更小,向前突出,舌后部比/ /抬得 更高。
2、注意长度,不要发得太短,口腔肌肉要始终保持紧张状态。
o: do shoe who
oo: food too moon noon
u: true blue
/u:/
zoo moon pool shoot
[zu:] [mu:n] [pu:l] [ u:t]
tooth juice shoe blue
[tu:θ] [d u:s] [ u:] [blu:]
/ /
发音要领:
1、舌尖离开下齿;舌后部向软腭抬起,舌身后缩。
2、双唇收圆,稍向前突出。
oo: look good foot book wood
ou: should could
u: put push
O: woman
/u/
book look cook foot
[buk] [luk] ['kuk] [fut]
bull wood pull push
[bul] [wud] [pul] [pu ]
双元音
双元音是作为一个音节、用一次呼气发出来的两个元音的连缀。这个连缀是以滑溜音的形式读出来的,即舌从第一个元音的位置向第二个元音方向以最直接的途径滑过去而成为一个音。双元音的两个成分中只有第一个读得比较重、长和清晰,第二个则要读得比较轻、短和含糊。
常发这个元音的字母是“a”,此外,还有字母组合“ai”、“ea”、“eigh”、“aigh”、“ay”、“ey”等 .
发音要领:
1.口形由/e/向/ /滑动。
2. 发音过程中下颚向上合拢,舌位也随之稍稍抬高。
name lake game snake place say play lay eight
/ei /
age gate cake way
[eid ] [geit] [keik] [wei]
aim paint make-up sail
[eim] [peint] ['meik p] [sei]
发音要领:
1.先发/a/音,然后滑向/i/音。舌尖抵住下齿。
2.发此音的关键是要把/a/音发足,注意从开到合的滑动。
常发这个音的字母是“i”和“y”,字母组合则有:“ey”、“ie”、“ui”、“uy”、“igh”、“eigh”等
high buy
/ai/
bike kite pineapple fine
[baik] [kait] ['pain pl] [fain]
tie fly sky cry
[tai] [flai] [skai] [tai]
[ ]
发音要领:
1.这是个双元音,由两个元音构成,第一个是/ /和 短音/i/.
2.发音时由第一个音向第二个音滑动,不到第二个音就结束。
常发这个音的是字母组合:“oi”和“oy”。
boy toy destroy noise oil spoil point
/ i/
boy toy joy voice
[b i] [t i] [d i] [v is]
oil coin boiling toilet
[ il] [k in] ['b ili ] ['t ilit]
发音要领:
1.由两个元音构成,第一个音是“短音”/ /,第二个音是“短乌音”/u/。
2. 发音时,先打开下颔骨,嘴唇略微呈圆形,口形较大,舌端离下齿,舌身放低后缩,舌后部微抬起,然后随着发音过程的变化口形收圆缩小,舌后部继续向后缩并抬起。
常发这个音的有字母“o”、字母组合“oa”、“ou”、“ow”、“ew”以及“ough”等
no go home those hello zero
goat boat bow
/ u /
go no rose phone
[g u] [n u] [r uz] [f un]
coat cold road gold medal
[k ut] [k uld] [r ud] [g uld, 'medl]
ou: house out south cloud house
proud loud mouse round about
mouth
ow flower down now cow how town
发音要领:
发音时,由/a/滑向/u/,结束时双唇收圆稍向前突。
[au]
/au/
Cow house mouse mouth
[kau] [haus] [maus] [mauθ]
cloud mountain sound town
[claud] ['mauntin] [saund] [taun]
eer: beer deer
ear: ear dear near
ere: here
ea: idea
[i ]
发音要领:
是双唇张开,从/i/音滑向/ /音。前面的/i/发得较清楚,
后面的/ /或较弱。双唇始终半开。此音一定要发足。
舌抵下齿逐渐过渡为上卷,从“一”音过渡到“厄”。
/i /
ear tears fear hear
[i ] [ti ] [fi ] [hi ]
deer beer cheer theatre
[di ] [bi ] [t i ] ['θi t ]
发音要领:
由/e/向/ /滑动,舌身稍向后 缩,口型由半开变为扁平。
ear: pear bear
air: chair air fair hair pair
are: care hare
ere: there where cheer
[ ]
/e /
air pear chair bear
[ ] [p ] [t ] [b ]
Stair stare dairy hair-care
[st ] [st ] ['d ri] [h ,k ]
[u ]
发音要领:
发音时,嘴唇从收圆到半开。发好这个音的关键是首先要把/u/音发足,然后滑向/ /音。
oor: poor
ure: sure sure pure
/u /
poor boor moor tour
[pu ] [bu ] [mu ] [tu ]
Today is cold.
Rose is in the boat.
She wants to have a coat.
Put on your coat.
You know you have a cold.
Read together
一、音节:音节是读音的基本单位,任何单词的读音,
都是分解为一个个音节朗读。
在英语中元音特别响亮,一个元音可构成一个音节,
一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节。
一般说来,元音可以构成音节,辅音不响亮,不能构成音节。
但英语辅音字母中有 4 个辅音[m],[n],[ng],[l]是响音,
它们和辅音音素结合,也可构成音节。
它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾,一般是非重读音节。
英语的词有一个音节的,两个音节的,多个音节的,
一个音节叫单音节,两个音节叫双音节,三个音节以上叫多音节。
如:take 拿,ta'ble 桌子, pop`ula'tion 人口,
congrat`ula'tion 祝贺。tel'ecommu`nica'tion 电讯
什么是音节?
划分音节的方法:元音是构成音节的主体,
辅音是音节的分界线。
两辅音之间不管有多少个元音,一般都是一个音节。
如:bed 床,bet 打赌,seat 坐位,beat 毒打,
beaut 极好的 beau'ty 美。
两元音字母之间有一个辅音字母时,辅音字母
归后一音节,如:stu'dent 学生,la'bour 劳动。
有两个辅音字母时,一个辅音字母归前一音节,
一个归后一音节,如:let'ter 信,win'ter 冬天。
不能拆分的字母组合按字母组合划分音节。
如:fa'ther 父亲,tea'cher 教师。
1)音节按读音可以分为开音节和闭音节
开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节
(1) 绝对开音节:是指一个元音字母后面没有
辅音字母而构成的音节,例如:we, hi, yo-yo
(2) 相对开音节:是指一个元音字母后面有一个
辅音字母(除r)之外,最后是一个不发音的e构成的音节,
如:take, make
在开音节中,这个元音字母发“字母”本身音,
例如hi|hai|, use|ju:z|
(3) 闭音节:指元音字母后面有辅音字母(辅音字母r除外)
构成的音节,如:leg, cross
2)音节按重读可以分为重读音节和非重读音节
重读音节: 指在双音节或多音节词中有一个发音
特别响亮的音节,叫重读音节,用重音符号“`”标于
相应位置,其他音节为非重读音节,如begin |be5gin|,
单音节词作重读处理,但不标重音符号。
Aa 在开音节中 [ei] 在闭音节中 [ ]
cake face
name make
place take
snake grape
baby potato
[ei]
pants map
at cap
can many
has black
splash salad
[ ]
读一读,找出划线部分发音不同的单词。
( ) 1、many cap potato
( ) 2、plate have lamb
( ) 3、water rabbit washroom
( ) 4、tomato tasty splash
( ) 5、and cat want
A B C
Ee
[i:]
[e]
[i:]
Ee 在开音节中 [i:] 在闭音节中 [e]
we me
she knee
tree sheep
three canteen
These Chinese
[i:]
[e]
leg egg
bed desk
pen elephant
get seven
yes eleven
读一读,找出划线部分发音不同的单词。
( ) 1、twelve hen fleece
( ) 2、feet geese smelly
( ) 3、me elephant twenty
( ) 4、these fifteen tender
( ) 5、let help sheep
A B C
Ii
[ai]
[i]
[ai]
Ii 在开音节中 [ai] 在闭音节中 [i]
white rice
write ice
like nice
time ride
[ai]
milk minute
fish window
fit rabbit
is music
his fifteen
[i]
读一读,找出划线部分发音不同的单词。
( ) 1、slippers nice kite
( ) 2、in wiggle ice
( ) 3、pink expensive five
( ) 4、time chicken kitchen
( ) 5、dinner rice drink
A B C
Oo
[ u]
[ ]
[ u]
Oo 在开音节中[ u] 在闭音节中 [ D ]
c
Coke those hold OK
over so
go potato
tomato photo
[ u]
socks not
of hot
sorry tock donkey long off stop
[ ]
c
读一读,找出划线部分发音不同的单词。
( ) 1、hope Coke clock
( ) 2、so go tomato
( ) 3、those socks off
( ) 4、hold lock cold
( ) 5、on OK fold
A B C
Uu
[ju:]
[ ]
[ju:]
v
Uu 在开音节中 [ju:] 在闭音节中 [∧]
use music
tube computer
cute cucumber
unite student
[ju:]
sunny lunch duck but
jump fun
run hundred
much just
[ ]
v
读一读,找出划线部分发音不同的单词。
( ) 1、lunch cup blue
( ) 2、fun music computer
( ) 3、hurry minute run
( ) 4、cut put hurray
( ) 5、tube use cucumber
A B C
1.hate
憎恨
2.mat
草席
8.hope
希望
7.hop
单足跳
6.suck
吸
5.hike
远足
9.kit
用具包
4.slit
撕开
3.mate
伙伴
Let's read together.
a字母组合
al
ay
ar
air
ass
a-字母组合的发音
ai ay al ar air are au aw
ai
/
rain wait straight train paint again Brain
/
certain
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. rain B. Britain C. wait D. straight
( ) 2. A. certain B. train C. paint D. again
( ) 3. A. rain B. captain C. again D. staight
( ) 4. A. rainy B. afraid C. tail D. certain
( )5. A. certain B. wait C. rain D. tail
( )6. A.Britain B.certain C. captain D. paint
ay
/ei/
day may way stay birthday
/i/
Monday holiday
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1. A. day B. may C. way D. Monday
( ) 2. A. birthday B. stay C. holiday D. may
( ) 3. A. .Sunday B. Tuesday C. Friday D. day
( ) 4. A. birthday B. stay C. Saturday D.way
( )5. A. Monday B. Wednesday C. holiday D.may
( )6. A. .say B. stay C. way D.Monday
al
/ :/
Talk walk ball call
almost already also always
/a:/
half
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. talk B. walk C. ball D. almost
( ) 2. A. half B. already C. also D. always
( ) 3. A. all B. fall C. hall D.also
( ) 4. A. almost B. wall C. walk D.tall
( )5. A. already B. also C. almost D. half
ar
arm art car card park hard star dark
/a:/
War warm quarter
/e/
parent Mary dollar
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. arm B. art C. car D. war
( ) 2. A. warm B. quarter C. hard D.war
( ) 3. A. .parent b. . dark c. star D. art
( ) 4. A. park b. .hard c. dollar D.card
( )5. A. dark b. star c. Mary D.car
air
air fair hair pair
are
care hare careful square
aw
draw saw law
au
Autumn daughter taught
because
/a:/
laugh aunt
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. autumn B. laugh C. daughter D. taught
( ) 2. A.daughter B. taught C. aunt D. because
( ) 3. A.taught B. laugh C. autumn D. because
( ) 4. A. award B. taught C. because D. aunt
( )5. A. laugh B. August C. aunt
ea
ea
ee
ea
er
ear
ea
ear
ere
er
e字母组合
1
4
5
10
9
8
6
2
3
7
e-字母组合的发音
ea ee ei ey er ew ear
eer ere eir
ea
tea leave cheap meat
head weather bread
/ ei /
break great
idea real
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1. A. tea B. leave C. head D. cheap
( ) 2. A. head B. weather C. meat D. bread
( ) 3. A. break B. tea C. cheap D. meat
( ) 4. A. bread B. idea C. weather D. head
( ) 5. A. great B. leave C. meat D .tea
( )6. A. head B.real C. weather D .bread
ee
meet see need teeth week
ei
eight weight neighbour
either neither
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. eight B. weigh C. either D . neighbour
( ) 2. A. neither B. eight C. weigh D. neighbour
ey
They grey
key
/i/
Monkey
er
her certain
worker driver teacher
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1. A. her B. worker C. Driver D. teacher
( ) 2. A. worker B. driver C. certain D. teacher
ew
grew flew threw blew
few new knew
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. grew B. flew C. few D. threw
( ) 2. A. blew B. few C new D. knew
( ) 3. A. . few b. . threw c. new D. knew
( ) 4. A. threw b. . flew c. new D.grew
( )5. A. threw b. few c. new D .knew
eer
deer cheer pioneer
eir
their
ere
here
There where
ear
ear hear near dear year clear
bear pear
early earth heard
/a:
heart
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( ) 1.A. ear B. hear C. bear D. near
( ) 2. A. pear B. early C. earth D. heard
( ) 3. A. heart B. dear C. year D. clear
( ) 4. A. hear B. near C. heard D. clear
( )5. A. early B. heart C. earth D. heard
igh
i字母组合
ir
1
2
i-字母组合的发音
ie ir ire
ie
piece believe
lie tie pie
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( )1. A. piece B. lie C. tie D. pie
( )2. A. lie B. tie C.believe D. pie
ir
girl bird birth sir skirt shirt
fire tire tired
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( )1.A. girl B. bird C. tire D. birth
( )2. A. fire B. shirt C.skirt D. sir
( )3. A.tired B.sir C.birth D. bird
( )4.A. sir B. shirt C. girl D. tired
( )5. A. tire B. bird C. birth D. shirt
o字母组合
10
9
8
1
4
5
6
2
3
7
11
12
13
oy
ou
ow
ow
oa
or
our
ou
oo
oor
or
ong
oo
o-字母组合的发音
oa oo ou ow oi oy or
Ore oor our
oa
boat coat goat loaf
oo
food cool room moon
cook book foot wood
took
blood flood
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
)1. A. cook B. book C. room D. foot
( )2. A. took B. Wood C.cool D. took
( )3. A.food B. cool C.foot D. moon
( )4. A. moon B. room C. blood D. cool
( )5. A. flood B. cook C. book D. foot
( )6. A. wood B. took C. blood D. foot
ou
round about mouse house
blouse south loud cloud
thought
/u:/
group through
enough trouble country cousin
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
( )1. A. round B. about C. thought D. mouse
( )2. A. house B. blouse C.south D. group
( )3. A.enough B.trouble C.country D. through
( )4. A. loud B. cloud C. group D. round
( )5. A. through B. house C. mouse D. blouse
( )6. A. cousin B. country C. thought D. enough
ou
cough
Should would could
though soul
famous delicious
oy
boy toy joy enjoy
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
A. cough B. should C. would D. could
A. should B. though C.would D. could
A.would B.soul C.could D. should
A. famous B. enough C. trouble D. country
A. delicious B. loud C. about D. mouse
A. would B. cloud C. loud D. south
ow
bowl slow snow know show
now how cow town brown
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
A. bowl B. slow C. now D. snow
A. now B. how C.know D. cow
A.brown B.town C.cow D. own
A. show B. know C. town D. bowl
A. own B. snow C. cow D. know
A. slow B.town C. brown D. how
oi
join coin noisy voice
north story sport morning corn
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
A. join B. coin C. noisy D. north
A. north B. story C. doctor D. sport
A.morning B.corn C.tractor D. sport
A. actor B. north C. corn D. morning
A. coin B. corn C. story D. north
oor
poor
door
ore
store more
our
our hour sour
course court
colour neighbour
ur
u字母组合
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
A. our B. hour C. court D. sour
A. course B. our C. hour D. sour
A.colour B.our C.hour D. sour
A. neighbour B. our C. hour D. sour
u-字母组合的发音
ua ui uy ur ure
ua
ui
uy
ur
ure
usual January February
sure
turn purple
Surprise hamburger
找出一个划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词.
A. usual B. January C. fruit D. February
A. build B. usual C.January D. February
A.buy B.usual C.February D. January
A. turn B. usual C. February D.January
辅音字母和辅音字母组合的读音规则总结
字母组合ble:
读[bl] 如:'able,'table,'possible,
字母c:
通常情况下,读[k] 如:cap,cup,cold,clothes,
在e,i,y之前,读[s] 如:nice,'city,'bicycle,
也有少数读[∫]如:'ocean,'special,'precious,
字母组合ch:
通常情况下,读[t∫]如:teach,child,change,chair,
也有少数读[k] 如:school,'chemical,'headache,
字母组合ck:
读[k] 如:'quickly,cock,back,pick.
字母组合cle:
读[kl] 如:' uncle,'circle,'bicycle,
字母组合deg:
读[d3] 如:bridge,judge,'knowledge,
字母g:
通常情况下,读[g] 如:get,big,game,bag,
有时,在e,i,y之前,读[d3] 如:'danger,'energy,engi'neer.
字母组合ge:
在词尾时读:[d3] 如:age,change,'village,huge,
字母组合gh:
在词尾时读[f] 如:langh,cough,e'nough
有时读不发音,如:light,thought,caught
字母组合gn:
读[n],如:sign,de'sign,cam'paign,
字母j:
通常情况下,读[d3] 如:job,'july,jar,just.
字母组合kn:
读[n] 如:know,knife,knee,knit,
字母n:
通常情况下,读[n] 如:not,kind,line,son.
在g,k之前,或在[k]音之前,读[η] 如:sing,young,wrong,
也有少数读:[ηg] 如:'english,'england,'language,
字母组合nk:
读[ηk] 如:tank,ink,think,bank,
字母组合ph:
读[f] 如:'photo,'telephone,'physics.
字母组合ple:
在词尾读[pl] 如:'apple,'people,ex'ample.
字母组合qu:
读[kw] 如:quick,'quiet,'question,
字母s:
在清辅音后,读[s] 如:works,stops,books,roofs.
在浊辅音后,读[z] 如:boys,years,'teachers,songs,
字母组合sc:
在e,i之前,读[s] 如:'science,scent,'scissor,
字母组合sh:
读[∫] 如:fish,she,wash,sheep,
字母组个sion:
在词尾元音之后,读[3n] 如:con'clusion,in'vasion,
字母组合ssion:
在词尾读[∫n] 如:ex'pression,dis'cussion,
字母组合stle:
在词尾读[sl] 如:'castle,' whistle,'rustle,
字母组合tal:
在词尾读[tl] 如:'capital,'hospital,
字母组合tain:
在词尾读[tn] 如:'britain,'certain,
字母组合th:
在虚词,或一部分代词中,读[e] 如:with,the,they,then,
在实词中,读[θ] 如:three,bath,think,youth,
字母组合tion:
读[∫n] 如:'nation,'station,'dictionary,
字母组合tle:
在词尾读[tl] 如:'gentle,'battle,'bottle,
字母组合ture:
读[t∫ε] 如:'picture,'nature,'mixture,
字母组合tch:
读[t∫] 如:catch,watch,'kitehen,
字母组合wh:
通常情况下,读[w] 如:when,white,wheat,where,
在o之前,读[h] 如:who,whose,whole,whom,
字母组合wr:
读 如:write,wrong,wrist,
字母x:
在词尾,或在清辅音之前,读[ks] 如:six,box,text,'exercise,
在两个元音之间,而重音在后一个元音上时,
读[gz] 如:e'xam,e'xample,e'xactly.
字母y:
在词首读[j] 如:yes,yet,year,your.
There is a little bee.
Coming from the apple tree.
Flying in the flowers.
And can’t see me.
01
The brown cow is out now.
Bark.Bark.Bark.
The dog is barking after the car.
Look.This is little John.
Goes to bed with his trousers on.
One shoe off and one shoe on.
Look.This is little John.
1. The baby and the lady are playing by the lake.
2. The four tall reporter are talking about sports.
3. I like the toy bear.I often brush its hair.
I have a pear near the chair.
4.Today is cold.Don’t forget to put on your coat.You
can go to school by boat.
5.Kate often makes birthday cakes on holiday. 6.David is saying”Maybe Kate can’t skate.”
7.The ugly man has one hundred ducks.
8.The farmer has a large farm and a car.
9.After art class we put down sunglasses and sit on the grass.
10.Miss Mo, She’s tall.She has a dog, it’s small.She likes walking and riding a horse.
1. The baby and the lady are playing by the lake.
2. The four tall reporter are talking about sports.
3. I like the toy bear.I often brush its hair.
I have a pear near the chair.
4.Today is cold.Don’t forget to put on your coat.You
can go to school by boat.
5.Kate often makes birthday cakes on holiday. 6.David is saying”Maybe Kate can’t skate.”
1. 弱读
2. 略读
3. 缩读
4. 连读
5. 同化
6. 叠合
⒎ 失爆
发音规则
单词读音的弱化现象
①and / nd/ →/ nd/,/ n/,/n/
②of /Λv/ →/ v/
③can /k n/ → /k n/
1.弱读
a from sir
am had some
an has than
and have that
are he the
as her/him them
at is there
be me till
been must to
but not us
can of was
do or were
does shall will
for should you
1.最常见弱读单词
⑴ a / e / → / /
⑵ am / m/ → / m/, / m /
⑶ an / n/ → / n/
⑷ and / nd/ → / nd/, / n/, /n/
⑸ are / ar / → / r /, / /( r )
⑹ as / z/ → / z/
⑺ at / t/ → / t/
⑻ be /bi/ → /bI/
⑼ been /bin/ → /bIn/
⑽ but /bΛt/ → /b t/
⑾ can /k n/ → /k n/
⑿ do /du/ → /dU/
⒀ does /dΛz/ → /d z/
⒁ for /fっr/ → /f /
1.最常见弱读单词
⑴ from /fram/ → /fr m/
⑵ had /h d/ → /h d/
⑶ has /h z/ → /h z/
⑷ have /h v/ → /h v/
⑸ he / hi / → / hI /
⑹ her / h :r / → /h /,/ /
⑺ is /Iz/ → /z /
⑻ me /mi/ → /mI/
⑼ must /mΛst/ →/m st/
⑽ not /nat/ → / nt /
⑾ of /Λv/ → / v/
⑿ or /っr/ → / /
⒀ shall / l/ → / l/, / l/
⒁ should / Ud/ → / d/
1.最常见弱读单词
⑴ sir /s :r / → /s /
⑵ some /sΛm/ → /s m/
⑶ than / n/ → / n/
⑷ that / t/ → / t/
⑸ the / i / → / I /
⑹ them / m/ → / m/
⑺ there / r/ → / /
⑻ till /tIl/ → / tl /
⑼ to / tu / → /t /
⑽ us /Λs/ → / s/
⑾ was /waz/ → /w z/
⑿ were /w :r / → /w /, /w /
⒀ will /wIl/ → /l/
⒁ you /ju/ → /j /
1.最常见弱读单词
01
单词读音的弱化现象
02
Ex: ①and ②of ③to ④for
03
been ⑥he
1.弱读
★单词读音的省略现象
⑴ because →’cause, coz /k z/
⑵ goodbye → g’bye / g’bai /
⑶ goodnight→g’night / g’nait /
⑷ probably →prob’ly /prɑblI/
⑸ had better →better
⑹ How are you doing →How you doing.
2. 略读
两个或两个以上单词读音的合并现象.
① They have→They’ve;
② He is →He’s
③ are not →aren’t
④ want to→wanna
⑤ out of → outta
3. 缩读
⑴are you →ya ☆Where ya going
⑵does she →dushi ☆Dushi speak English
⑶don’t know →dunno ☆I dunno him.
⑷give me →gimme ☆Gimme that.
⑸going to →gonna ☆I’m gonna help him.
⑹have got to →gotta ☆I gotta help him.
⑺in front of →in fronna ☆He’s in fronna the house.
⑻out of → outta ☆ Get outta here.
⑼want to →wanna ☆ I wanna go home.
⑽what are you →Wachya/ wacha ☆Wachya/ wacha doing
⑾ sort of →sorta ; kind of →kinda
3. 最常见缩读词组总结
1. 辅音与元音之间的连读
2.元音与元音之间的连读
4.连读
⑴. 一般情况下,在同一意群中的两个词, 前者以辅音结尾,后者以元音开头, 这两个音就可以连 起来读,称为“连读”。
1.辅音与元音之间的连读
★特殊连读---一箭双雕
⑴/r/ a number of , for instance ;
⑵/n/ in an hour , on a sunny day;
⑶/l/ fall on sleep, all of a sudden
1.辅音与元音之间的连读
在元音之间插入[j]或[w], 从而使纯元音音节之间的过渡变得自然、流畅,读起来更加上口。
2.元音对元音的连读
★ ⑴ 前面的单词以元音[ei]或[i]或[ai]结尾,紧随其后的单词以元音开头,这时,在两个单词之间出现[j]作为过渡。
①day in and day out ; ②Can you see it(try it)
★ ⑵前面的单词以[u]或[o]或[au]结尾,紧随其后的单词以元音开头,这时,在两个单词之间出现[w]作为过渡。
① Can you do it ② Go away ③How are you doing
2.元音对元音的连读
★ ⑴ 前面的单词以元音[ei]或[i]或[ai]结尾,紧随其后的单词以元音开头,这时,在两个单词之间出现[j]作为过渡
① say it
②stay up
③very interesting
④she is
⑤copy it
⑥he and she
★ ⑵前面的单词以[u]或[o]或[au]结尾,紧随其后的单词以元音开头,这时,在两个单词之间出现[w]作为过渡。
①go out
②go away
③flew out
④who else
⑤how old
⑥so angry
①We’ll miss you.
② God bless you .
③Kiss you goodbye.
⑶/s/+/j/ → / /
①Nice to meet you
②Fit you well
③Last year
⑴/t/+/j/--/t /
①We need you.
②Would you please sit down
③Hide yourself.
⑵/d/+/j/ → / /
★/ t / / d / / s / / z / + / j / → 读音合并
⑴/t/+/j/ → /t /
⑵/d/+/j/ → / /
⑶/s/+/j/ → / /
⑷/z/+/j/ → / /
5. 同化
★句子中能表达独立完整意思的词语
⑴ take on a bag of apples
⑵ find out a cup of tea
⑶ get off a line of cars
⑷ take it out of it
①Here’s your ticket
②Close your eyes.
③As you wish
⑷/z/+/j/ → / /
即前面单词结尾辅音与紧随其后的单词的起始辅音为同一个音时,只需读一次,而不必将这个音读两次。
ex: next time, some money, hot tea
bad dog, book case, part time job
6.叠合
失去爆破:顾名思义,指爆破音失去爆破。发生的条件如下:当前面的单词以/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/这六个爆破音中的任何一个结尾,而紧随其后的单词是以辅音开头的,这时前面单词中的爆破音失去爆破。读法是在发爆破音时只阻塞气流却不将之释放.
7.失爆